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129
very existence of pre-Russian settlements on the territory of Almaty and it is surrounding areas. In their view, Almaty begins in 1854 with the Russian-built fort Vernyi. (Proskurin)
There is no doubt that Vernyi played a pivotal role in the formation of the modern city of Almaty. Founded by the Russian military, it soon received many peasant migrants, transforming from the military facility to an actual town, which later on bloomed to become one of the largest cities in Central Asia. Nonetheless, the sense of continuity with the ancient settlements proves important to the people residing in the city today, even though 47% of them are not Kazakh. (Perepis' naseleniia Respubliki Kazakhstan 2009 goda. Kratkie itogi, 2010) The issue of the city’s age, raised in 2004 when the official 150th anniversary was celebrated, reappeared again in 2010, as Almaty historians and officials campaigned for an international recognition of a thousand year history of the city on the basis of historical and archaeological research, conducted in the last few years.171 (Vecherniy Almaty, 2010) It is quite obvious that Almaty historians are actively engaged in history rewriting to buttress the community spirit of the city and country as a whole, and not without merit.
The other controversy involves the name of the city.172 Vernyi was founded upon a previous Kazakh settlement called Almaty and, as it has been mentioned previously,
171 And a part of a country-wide, government-funded program of historical research program which aims to recover historical heritage of the Kazakhs.
172 Of course, this is not the only thing renamed in the city or across Kazakhstan, since independence, a lot of Russian and Soviet geographical names have been replaced with Kazakh ones by official onomastic agencies, most notably street and town names. (Shilina, 2010)
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 135 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 129 very existence of pre-Russian settlements on the territory of Almaty and it is surrounding areas. In their view, Almaty begins in 1854 with the Russian-built fort Vernyi. (Proskurin) There is no doubt that Vernyi played a pivotal role in the formation of the modern city of Almaty. Founded by the Russian military, it soon received many peasant migrants, transforming from the military facility to an actual town, which later on bloomed to become one of the largest cities in Central Asia. Nonetheless, the sense of continuity with the ancient settlements proves important to the people residing in the city today, even though 47% of them are not Kazakh. (Perepis' naseleniia Respubliki Kazakhstan 2009 goda. Kratkie itogi, 2010) The issue of the city’s age, raised in 2004 when the official 150th anniversary was celebrated, reappeared again in 2010, as Almaty historians and officials campaigned for an international recognition of a thousand year history of the city on the basis of historical and archaeological research, conducted in the last few years.171 (Vecherniy Almaty, 2010) It is quite obvious that Almaty historians are actively engaged in history rewriting to buttress the community spirit of the city and country as a whole, and not without merit. The other controversy involves the name of the city.172 Vernyi was founded upon a previous Kazakh settlement called Almaty and, as it has been mentioned previously, 171 And a part of a country-wide, government-funded program of historical research program which aims to recover historical heritage of the Kazakhs. 172 Of course, this is not the only thing renamed in the city or across Kazakhstan, since independence, a lot of Russian and Soviet geographical names have been replaced with Kazakh ones by official onomastic agencies, most notably street and town names. (Shilina, 2010) |
