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127
khanate within 50 miles of modern Almaty, and partly because it is common in Kazakhstan to equate169 statehood with nationhood. (Auezov & Kunaeva, 2009)
Unlike Mangystau where numerous historical monuments are on constant display all over the region, Zhety-su has a less obvious heritage subject to numerous debates which came to the surface when Kazakhstan became independent. If before, the history of the region as well that of Kazakhstan were interpreted from the position of a “liberating” and “civilizing” mission that the Russians took upon themselves in Central Asia thanks to the declarative “friendship and amicable relations between the Russians and the Kazakhs”;170 independent Kazakhstan began to reassess the role of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union in its history. For Almaty, it meant an examination of its age and its name.
The origins of Almaty are embroiled in a controversy just like the origins of the Kazakhs. On the one hand, there is an official date when the Russian Empire founded a precursor of the modern Almaty – a military fort Vernyi (Faithful in Russian) as part of their thrust into Central Asia in 1854. On the other hand, there are results of the intensive archaeological research conducted in the 2000s, culminating with a recent publication of a series of books devoted to Almaty and its history. (Shupeikin, 2009) In these, historians argue that the territory of the city itself had been home for a number settlements ranging
169 In fact, an interviewed former member of parliament and politician noted that “survival of the Kazakhs state takes precedence above all other goals. At the same time, the state is an ultimate expression of Kazakh identity.” (Astana, 7/2/2009)
170 Traditionally referred to as ‘brotherly’ to mask the tensions that turned particularly violent during the colonization and nonetheless almost unknown in Soviet historiography of Kazakhstan to insure indoctrination of the Kazakhs in purely beneficial results of joining with Russia. (Author’s personal observation)
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 133 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 127 khanate within 50 miles of modern Almaty, and partly because it is common in Kazakhstan to equate169 statehood with nationhood. (Auezov & Kunaeva, 2009) Unlike Mangystau where numerous historical monuments are on constant display all over the region, Zhety-su has a less obvious heritage subject to numerous debates which came to the surface when Kazakhstan became independent. If before, the history of the region as well that of Kazakhstan were interpreted from the position of a “liberating” and “civilizing” mission that the Russians took upon themselves in Central Asia thanks to the declarative “friendship and amicable relations between the Russians and the Kazakhs”;170 independent Kazakhstan began to reassess the role of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union in its history. For Almaty, it meant an examination of its age and its name. The origins of Almaty are embroiled in a controversy just like the origins of the Kazakhs. On the one hand, there is an official date when the Russian Empire founded a precursor of the modern Almaty – a military fort Vernyi (Faithful in Russian) as part of their thrust into Central Asia in 1854. On the other hand, there are results of the intensive archaeological research conducted in the 2000s, culminating with a recent publication of a series of books devoted to Almaty and its history. (Shupeikin, 2009) In these, historians argue that the territory of the city itself had been home for a number settlements ranging 169 In fact, an interviewed former member of parliament and politician noted that “survival of the Kazakhs state takes precedence above all other goals. At the same time, the state is an ultimate expression of Kazakh identity.” (Astana, 7/2/2009) 170 Traditionally referred to as ‘brotherly’ to mask the tensions that turned particularly violent during the colonization and nonetheless almost unknown in Soviet historiography of Kazakhstan to insure indoctrination of the Kazakhs in purely beneficial results of joining with Russia. (Author’s personal observation) |
