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126
The city is located in a somewhat geographically precarious spot. While offering a stunningly beautiful view, it is also susceptible to seismological activity and in the last 150 years Almaty experienced two major earthquakes, in 1887 and 1910, both of which caused significant amount of destruction. (Auezov & Kunaeva, 2009, p. 13) In addition, the picturesque snow-capped mountains carry an inherent danger of spring water flows which frequently develop into devastating mud flows, one of which razed half of Almaty in 1921. (Ibid, p. 14) While the threat of the latter is mitigated somewhat by an intricate system of dams and barriers built in the mountains, residents of Almaty always live in danger which has become a part of their lives to such degree that they do not always realize its full extent. On the other hand, the soil near Almaty proved to be among the most fertile in the country, attracting a large number of Russian migrants in the late 19th –early 20th century and setting the stage for its exponential growth well into the 20th century.
Nevertheless, Almaty residents are rightly proud of their city, in part because of its rich historical legacy which has become the focus of public debates in the last few years which demonstrate the differing views on the identity of the former capital.
Significant Historical and Geographical Facts
Almaty is located at the heart of Zhety-su region also known as Semirech’e in Russian (Seven Rivers), which is regarded as the “golden cradle” of the Kazakh nation, partly because it is believed that khans Zhanibek and Kerei have founded the first Kazakh
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 132 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 126 The city is located in a somewhat geographically precarious spot. While offering a stunningly beautiful view, it is also susceptible to seismological activity and in the last 150 years Almaty experienced two major earthquakes, in 1887 and 1910, both of which caused significant amount of destruction. (Auezov & Kunaeva, 2009, p. 13) In addition, the picturesque snow-capped mountains carry an inherent danger of spring water flows which frequently develop into devastating mud flows, one of which razed half of Almaty in 1921. (Ibid, p. 14) While the threat of the latter is mitigated somewhat by an intricate system of dams and barriers built in the mountains, residents of Almaty always live in danger which has become a part of their lives to such degree that they do not always realize its full extent. On the other hand, the soil near Almaty proved to be among the most fertile in the country, attracting a large number of Russian migrants in the late 19th –early 20th century and setting the stage for its exponential growth well into the 20th century. Nevertheless, Almaty residents are rightly proud of their city, in part because of its rich historical legacy which has become the focus of public debates in the last few years which demonstrate the differing views on the identity of the former capital. Significant Historical and Geographical Facts Almaty is located at the heart of Zhety-su region also known as Semirech’e in Russian (Seven Rivers), which is regarded as the “golden cradle” of the Kazakh nation, partly because it is believed that khans Zhanibek and Kerei have founded the first Kazakh |
