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Astana, their average age is 29 while average age of Astana and Almaty respondents is 21 and 19, respectively. Therefore, the latter could not have experienced the true effect of transition to market economy which occurred mostly during their early childhood. In fact, most of Almaty and Astana respondents did not answer the question about the transition to market economy at all, as it could be seen in
Figure 10.
Figure 10 also demonstrates that respondents in Aktau have a slightly more negative attitude toward globalization and FDI than others. This suggests that the former have experienced slightly more issues with foreign oil companies and expansion of global economic relations than elsewhere, which is perfectly understandable given the problem of wage discrimination discussed above.
In summary, the Kazakhness of Aktau residents appears to have not suffered a significant setback due to the fundamental economic changes and the enormous impact of FDI and globalization, or, at least, the research does not show it with a great degree of confidence.
Conclusion
Case of Aktau thanks to the large foreign oil business presence and active participation of the expatriate workforce in the local life was a good test for the hypothesized relationship between FDI, market economy and Kazakh national identity. The data, however, does not support the hypothesis. It appears that thanks to the geographic isolation, considerable and tangible historical legacy, attributed militant character, and harsh environmental conditions which did not entice Russians to introduce major changes to this land until the late 1950s; all of these factors allowed Adai to remain
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 127 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 121 Astana, their average age is 29 while average age of Astana and Almaty respondents is 21 and 19, respectively. Therefore, the latter could not have experienced the true effect of transition to market economy which occurred mostly during their early childhood. In fact, most of Almaty and Astana respondents did not answer the question about the transition to market economy at all, as it could be seen in Figure 10. Figure 10 also demonstrates that respondents in Aktau have a slightly more negative attitude toward globalization and FDI than others. This suggests that the former have experienced slightly more issues with foreign oil companies and expansion of global economic relations than elsewhere, which is perfectly understandable given the problem of wage discrimination discussed above. In summary, the Kazakhness of Aktau residents appears to have not suffered a significant setback due to the fundamental economic changes and the enormous impact of FDI and globalization, or, at least, the research does not show it with a great degree of confidence. Conclusion Case of Aktau thanks to the large foreign oil business presence and active participation of the expatriate workforce in the local life was a good test for the hypothesized relationship between FDI, market economy and Kazakh national identity. The data, however, does not support the hypothesis. It appears that thanks to the geographic isolation, considerable and tangible historical legacy, attributed militant character, and harsh environmental conditions which did not entice Russians to introduce major changes to this land until the late 1950s; all of these factors allowed Adai to remain |
