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107
express concern with increased dependence, culture of immediate gratification in the youth but others do not agree (interviews,
152 surveys). While the NCOC does spend a lot of money, it does not reach everyone and there are still many people in Mangystau who live under the official poverty line.153
On the other hand, the social infrastructure projects tend to miss other major social issues which do concern the local population. In 2008, Kazakhstan Revenue Watch, a program of the Soros Kazakhstan foundation, released a film documentary which illustrates the seeming uselessness of the oil company’s social responsibility programs. For example, they do not address the insufficient access to fresh water (traditionally one of the largest issues in Mangystau), the lack of quality cadres for work in those new projects (i.e. teachers, doctors), or the neglect of the existing housing assets which were falling in disrepair, or the shortage of recreational facilities for children. At the same time, the oil companies spend millions of dollars on mega-projects such as a huge stadium or a sports complex which the local authorities have no money to maintain and support. (Dengi ukhodiat v pesok..., 2008) While the movie’s research and presentation was rather biased because it avoids showing a single positive example of the social programs implemented with the help of the oil companies’ assistance; it does raise some issues that concern the local population. Mangystau land provides hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of revenue to the oil companies and millions of dollars to the budget and local authorities; but the social projects, which directly touch upon the lives
152 Interview with Aktau and Mangystau newspaper journalists, 8/6/2009 and 8/7/2009
153 Interview with a non-Kazakh journalist in Aktau, 8/10/2009
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 113 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 107 express concern with increased dependence, culture of immediate gratification in the youth but others do not agree (interviews, 152 surveys). While the NCOC does spend a lot of money, it does not reach everyone and there are still many people in Mangystau who live under the official poverty line.153 On the other hand, the social infrastructure projects tend to miss other major social issues which do concern the local population. In 2008, Kazakhstan Revenue Watch, a program of the Soros Kazakhstan foundation, released a film documentary which illustrates the seeming uselessness of the oil company’s social responsibility programs. For example, they do not address the insufficient access to fresh water (traditionally one of the largest issues in Mangystau), the lack of quality cadres for work in those new projects (i.e. teachers, doctors), or the neglect of the existing housing assets which were falling in disrepair, or the shortage of recreational facilities for children. At the same time, the oil companies spend millions of dollars on mega-projects such as a huge stadium or a sports complex which the local authorities have no money to maintain and support. (Dengi ukhodiat v pesok..., 2008) While the movie’s research and presentation was rather biased because it avoids showing a single positive example of the social programs implemented with the help of the oil companies’ assistance; it does raise some issues that concern the local population. Mangystau land provides hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of revenue to the oil companies and millions of dollars to the budget and local authorities; but the social projects, which directly touch upon the lives 152 Interview with Aktau and Mangystau newspaper journalists, 8/6/2009 and 8/7/2009 153 Interview with a non-Kazakh journalist in Aktau, 8/10/2009 |
