Page 97 |
Save page Remove page | Previous | 97 of 265 | Next |
|
small (250x250 max)
medium (500x500 max)
Large (1000x1000 max)
Extra Large
large ( > 500x500)
Full Resolution
All (PDF)
|
This page
All
|
91
not even have the majority at the time of independence.
114 This ranged from calls for increasing the birthrates (Tatimov M. , 2002) to repatriation of the Kazakhs immigrants who left Kazakhstan during the disastrous collectivization campaign in the 1930s.
In Mangystau, it meant the return of a large number Adai and other Kazakhs who were eager to return to their homeland.115 Mangystau became one of the favorite destinations for the repatriates, who preserved their traditional culture and identity, for a couple of reasons: Adai who remained there were rather successful at maintaining the Kazakh identity of the past – unlike the northern regions, where Russians were a majority; and the rich historical heritage of the region drew the attention of the Kazakh repatriants. (Sultanov E. , 2008)
The result, as reported by interview respondents,116 was quite remarkable. Aktau, built and inhabited by people from all over the former Soviet Union with a relatively small portion of ethnic Kazakh residents before independence, 8 years after became dominated by the Kazakhs. In in 1970, only 35% of the total urban population117 in Mangystau was Kazakh, 45% in 1989 and 73% in 1999. In other words, the proportion of the Kazakh urban population was growing slowly before 1991 (growth only of 10% in
114 39.7% (Itogi vsesoiuznoi perepisi naseleniia 1989 goda, 1992)
115 In 1989-1998, over 44 thousand Kazakhs have moved to Mangystau from other countries or other regions of Kazakhstan, most notably Turkmenistan (22 thousand), Uzbekistan (6 thousand), Russia (1,445) and Iran (766). (Itogi perepisi naseleniia 1999 goda po Mangistauskoy Oblasti, 2000, p. 57) These 4 countries was where many Adai Kazakhs took refuge during collectivization, and to this day, many of Mangystau’s residents have relatives there (Interview with a Kazakh journalist in Aktau, 8/6/2009).
116 Several interviews with journalists and officials, 8/4/2009, 8/6/2009, 8/7/2009, 8/10/2009
117 Combined population of Aktau and the other two towns in Mangystau, Fort Shevchenko and Zhanaozen (Aiagan, 2006, p. 477)
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 97 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 91 not even have the majority at the time of independence. 114 This ranged from calls for increasing the birthrates (Tatimov M. , 2002) to repatriation of the Kazakhs immigrants who left Kazakhstan during the disastrous collectivization campaign in the 1930s. In Mangystau, it meant the return of a large number Adai and other Kazakhs who were eager to return to their homeland.115 Mangystau became one of the favorite destinations for the repatriates, who preserved their traditional culture and identity, for a couple of reasons: Adai who remained there were rather successful at maintaining the Kazakh identity of the past – unlike the northern regions, where Russians were a majority; and the rich historical heritage of the region drew the attention of the Kazakh repatriants. (Sultanov E. , 2008) The result, as reported by interview respondents,116 was quite remarkable. Aktau, built and inhabited by people from all over the former Soviet Union with a relatively small portion of ethnic Kazakh residents before independence, 8 years after became dominated by the Kazakhs. In in 1970, only 35% of the total urban population117 in Mangystau was Kazakh, 45% in 1989 and 73% in 1999. In other words, the proportion of the Kazakh urban population was growing slowly before 1991 (growth only of 10% in 114 39.7% (Itogi vsesoiuznoi perepisi naseleniia 1989 goda, 1992) 115 In 1989-1998, over 44 thousand Kazakhs have moved to Mangystau from other countries or other regions of Kazakhstan, most notably Turkmenistan (22 thousand), Uzbekistan (6 thousand), Russia (1,445) and Iran (766). (Itogi perepisi naseleniia 1999 goda po Mangistauskoy Oblasti, 2000, p. 57) These 4 countries was where many Adai Kazakhs took refuge during collectivization, and to this day, many of Mangystau’s residents have relatives there (Interview with a Kazakh journalist in Aktau, 8/6/2009). 116 Several interviews with journalists and officials, 8/4/2009, 8/6/2009, 8/7/2009, 8/10/2009 117 Combined population of Aktau and the other two towns in Mangystau, Fort Shevchenko and Zhanaozen (Aiagan, 2006, p. 477) |
