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The discovery of the strategic resources in Mangystau has changed the course of history for this remote and isolated region, its economic status and most importantly, its ethnic composition. However, the largest weakness of the region introduced by the Soviet industrialization of Mangystau surfaced when the Soviet Union collapsed and Kazakhstan became independent.
Economic Crash and Recovery after Independence
Kazakhstan at large experienced a rapid industrialization under the Soviet Union but most of the development focused on extraction of raw materials which the republic has in abundance. As Kazakhstan is close to Russia and in fact has a long shared border,112 it was considered more practical to link its massive raw material extraction sites with equally massive processing plants in Russia rather than building smaller but local integrated production lines within the republic. (Peck, 2004, p. 62) Nowhere else it was more evident than in Mangystau, where few processing plants were built and most of Mangystau’s industrial output was shipped out as supplies to the Russian manufactories down the line rather than the ones within Kazakhstan proper.
As soon as the Soviet Union collapsed, these tightly integrated links were suddenly cut. Russia in fact was trying to break free of Central Asia, the latter perceived
average occurrence of kidney and gallbladder stones and related diseases (Interview with an official of Agriculture Department, Mangystau Oblast Administration, 8/4/2009).
112 In fact, Kazakhstan and Russia share the longest contiguous land border in the world – 6,846 km (Central Intelligence Agency, 2009, p. 359) which is longer than the US-Canada border excluding Alaska (Ibid, p. 717)
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 94 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 88 The discovery of the strategic resources in Mangystau has changed the course of history for this remote and isolated region, its economic status and most importantly, its ethnic composition. However, the largest weakness of the region introduced by the Soviet industrialization of Mangystau surfaced when the Soviet Union collapsed and Kazakhstan became independent. Economic Crash and Recovery after Independence Kazakhstan at large experienced a rapid industrialization under the Soviet Union but most of the development focused on extraction of raw materials which the republic has in abundance. As Kazakhstan is close to Russia and in fact has a long shared border,112 it was considered more practical to link its massive raw material extraction sites with equally massive processing plants in Russia rather than building smaller but local integrated production lines within the republic. (Peck, 2004, p. 62) Nowhere else it was more evident than in Mangystau, where few processing plants were built and most of Mangystau’s industrial output was shipped out as supplies to the Russian manufactories down the line rather than the ones within Kazakhstan proper. As soon as the Soviet Union collapsed, these tightly integrated links were suddenly cut. Russia in fact was trying to break free of Central Asia, the latter perceived average occurrence of kidney and gallbladder stones and related diseases (Interview with an official of Agriculture Department, Mangystau Oblast Administration, 8/4/2009). 112 In fact, Kazakhstan and Russia share the longest contiguous land border in the world – 6,846 km (Central Intelligence Agency, 2009, p. 359) which is longer than the US-Canada border excluding Alaska (Ibid, p. 717) |
