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85
of the region it was separated from Atyrau Oblast, establishing Mangystau Oblast in 1973. (Aiagan, 2006, p. 474)
The prime example of changes on Mangystau peninsular was the spectacular growth of Aktau (also known as Shevchenko for most of its existence during the Soviet time). As the Soviet Union was developing uranium and oil riches of this region, thousands of workers came to Mangystau from all over the country.104 (Olcott M. , 1995, p. 258) Aktau became one of the most ethnically diverse towns in the USSR.105 As mentioned previously, it has earned a nickname “The Pearl of the Caspian” thanks to beauty of the architectural designs and the planning of the town attributed to renown Leningrad architects,106 highlighting the multi-ethnic origins of Aktau.
104 While no exact data is available for the 1950s and 60s due to Mangystau still being part of another larger oblast, in 1970 and 1979 Kazakhs constituted only 45% and 43% of the total population, respectively. (Itogi perepisi naseleniia 1999 goda po Mangistauskoy Oblasti, 2000, p. 22)
105 Interview with Aktau newspaper journalists, 8/6/2009
106 Interview with a non-Kazakh journalist in Aktau, 8/10/2009
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 91 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 85 of the region it was separated from Atyrau Oblast, establishing Mangystau Oblast in 1973. (Aiagan, 2006, p. 474) The prime example of changes on Mangystau peninsular was the spectacular growth of Aktau (also known as Shevchenko for most of its existence during the Soviet time). As the Soviet Union was developing uranium and oil riches of this region, thousands of workers came to Mangystau from all over the country.104 (Olcott M. , 1995, p. 258) Aktau became one of the most ethnically diverse towns in the USSR.105 As mentioned previously, it has earned a nickname “The Pearl of the Caspian” thanks to beauty of the architectural designs and the planning of the town attributed to renown Leningrad architects,106 highlighting the multi-ethnic origins of Aktau. 104 While no exact data is available for the 1950s and 60s due to Mangystau still being part of another larger oblast, in 1970 and 1979 Kazakhs constituted only 45% and 43% of the total population, respectively. (Itogi perepisi naseleniia 1999 goda po Mangistauskoy Oblasti, 2000, p. 22) 105 Interview with Aktau newspaper journalists, 8/6/2009 106 Interview with a non-Kazakh journalist in Aktau, 8/10/2009 |
