Page 86 |
Save page Remove page | Previous | 86 of 265 | Next |
|
small (250x250 max)
medium (500x500 max)
Large (1000x1000 max)
Extra Large
large ( > 500x500)
Full Resolution
All (PDF)
|
This page
All
|
80
All in all, Mangystau is estimated to contain up to 72% of Kazakhstan’s archaeological treasures91 numbering in the excess of 12 thousand items (Istoriia i kul'tura, 2008), earning it a nickname of the “museum under the open sky.” Moreover, it is believed that many of these historical treasures were built by either Turkmen or Adai predecessors in the past, providing a tangible claim to the land for the latter tribe which now dominates the region. (Mirzoev, 1994, p. 134)
Adai are intensely proud of this historical heritage and justifiably assert to hold true to the Kazakh traditions more than any other Kazakh tribe. In part, this stems from the fact that they managed to remain autonomous of the Russian and Soviet influence longer than many other Kazakh tribes, not the least thanks to their attributed militant, warrior-minded character.92 In fact, while the rest of the Small Horde was first to submit to Russia under Abu'l Khayr Khan in 1731, Adai did not for at least another 100 years.93 When they did accept the Russian rule, Adai still remained quite recalcitrant and as a result the Russians frequently had to resort to military force to perform even the simplest of administrative tasks such as collecting taxes in the region. Adai resisted the colonial control so much that the Russian government had to deploy several expeditionary forces in Mangystau around the 1850s to subdue them. In 1868, when a particularly
91 Source: interview with the head of Department of Culture, Mangystau Oblast Administration, 8/8/2009
92 In many interviews, conducted in Aktau, the respondents highlighted the warrior spirit of the Adai tribe which made them into a force to be reckoned with in the past. It is a common belief expressed by respondents that thanks to the war-making skill of Adai, Mangystau now belongs to the Kazakhs rather than Turkmen who controlled the peninsula previously. (Interviews with journalists, officials 8/6/2009, 8/7/2009, 8/8/2009, 8/10/2009)
93 According to Olcott, Russia did not fully control Adai until around 1848 (The Kazakhs, 1995, p. 81)
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 86 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 80 All in all, Mangystau is estimated to contain up to 72% of Kazakhstan’s archaeological treasures91 numbering in the excess of 12 thousand items (Istoriia i kul'tura, 2008), earning it a nickname of the “museum under the open sky.” Moreover, it is believed that many of these historical treasures were built by either Turkmen or Adai predecessors in the past, providing a tangible claim to the land for the latter tribe which now dominates the region. (Mirzoev, 1994, p. 134) Adai are intensely proud of this historical heritage and justifiably assert to hold true to the Kazakh traditions more than any other Kazakh tribe. In part, this stems from the fact that they managed to remain autonomous of the Russian and Soviet influence longer than many other Kazakh tribes, not the least thanks to their attributed militant, warrior-minded character.92 In fact, while the rest of the Small Horde was first to submit to Russia under Abu'l Khayr Khan in 1731, Adai did not for at least another 100 years.93 When they did accept the Russian rule, Adai still remained quite recalcitrant and as a result the Russians frequently had to resort to military force to perform even the simplest of administrative tasks such as collecting taxes in the region. Adai resisted the colonial control so much that the Russian government had to deploy several expeditionary forces in Mangystau around the 1850s to subdue them. In 1868, when a particularly 91 Source: interview with the head of Department of Culture, Mangystau Oblast Administration, 8/8/2009 92 In many interviews, conducted in Aktau, the respondents highlighted the warrior spirit of the Adai tribe which made them into a force to be reckoned with in the past. It is a common belief expressed by respondents that thanks to the war-making skill of Adai, Mangystau now belongs to the Kazakhs rather than Turkmen who controlled the peninsula previously. (Interviews with journalists, officials 8/6/2009, 8/7/2009, 8/8/2009, 8/10/2009) 93 According to Olcott, Russia did not fully control Adai until around 1848 (The Kazakhs, 1995, p. 81) |
