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63
formulate a coherent civic and/or ethnic national identity in this country.
• Kazakhstan’s government has to be very careful about designing and implementing nation-building policies to avoid provoking a violent backlash from the minorities present in the republic, Russians in particular. Extra care taken to develop national identity translates into its slower development. Eventually, once potential ethnic cleavages have been ameliorated economically or politically or both, a more robust nationalization program can be adopted.
• Kazakhstan is saddled with post-colonial institutions of coercion and ethnic management. (Dave, 2007) It is impossible to switch immediately from the Soviet model of governance, ethnic and linguistic policies into a completely different, unique nation building process. The post-Soviet negative mentality in regards of minority rights as well as the fears of separatism must dissipate before Kazakhstan is able to part ways with its colonial past and embark on the road toward a new national identity.
• Kazakhstan political regime is becoming more and more authoritarian, rent-seeking and distanced from the society. The population in the republic is politically docile for historical and cultural reasons73 and fails to form a strong and coherent opposition. As a result, nation-building policies aim at providing minimal stability and simply serve as a thin veil for extracting economic and
73 One of the popular explanations of the political docility in Central Asia is that the subordination to state authority had been ingrained into the consciousness of the post-Soviet citizens, particularly in Central Asia were traditions of respect for elders have special salience. (Dave, 2007, p. 91)
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 69 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 63 formulate a coherent civic and/or ethnic national identity in this country. • Kazakhstan’s government has to be very careful about designing and implementing nation-building policies to avoid provoking a violent backlash from the minorities present in the republic, Russians in particular. Extra care taken to develop national identity translates into its slower development. Eventually, once potential ethnic cleavages have been ameliorated economically or politically or both, a more robust nationalization program can be adopted. • Kazakhstan is saddled with post-colonial institutions of coercion and ethnic management. (Dave, 2007) It is impossible to switch immediately from the Soviet model of governance, ethnic and linguistic policies into a completely different, unique nation building process. The post-Soviet negative mentality in regards of minority rights as well as the fears of separatism must dissipate before Kazakhstan is able to part ways with its colonial past and embark on the road toward a new national identity. • Kazakhstan political regime is becoming more and more authoritarian, rent-seeking and distanced from the society. The population in the republic is politically docile for historical and cultural reasons73 and fails to form a strong and coherent opposition. As a result, nation-building policies aim at providing minimal stability and simply serve as a thin veil for extracting economic and 73 One of the popular explanations of the political docility in Central Asia is that the subordination to state authority had been ingrained into the consciousness of the post-Soviet citizens, particularly in Central Asia were traditions of respect for elders have special salience. (Dave, 2007, p. 91) |
