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58
undermining the intra- and inter-ethnic relations. Traditionally, the Kazakhs found that moralized trust, an intrinsic generalized trust in others without requiring a substantial proof of worthiness or even substantial similarity is more vital for them than being strategic and calculating in dealing with outsiders. Kazakhs were very open and welcoming, treating strangers as relatives rather than as aliens. This deep sense of moralistic trust is what makes Kazakhs even today very distinct from other nations: even Russians and other ethnic groups who lived in Kazakhstan long enough have developed an affinity to this culture of hospitality based on moralistic trust that they frequently feel themselves out of place in their native Russia.
67 The same sense of moralistic trust guided the Kazakhs in the past two hundred years to accommodate millions of “guests” in their land, migrants who came from Russia and elsewhere, willingly or not, because a true Kazakh would welcome anyone in his or her home even when it may mean parting with last piece of food or giving up the last shirt of one’s own back. (Kshibekov, 2006, p. 20)
Therefore, the main hypothesis of this paper is that the national identity of Kazakhstan is experiencing a major shock in this post-independence period due to the economic reforms that further complicate the efforts to (re)construct Kazakh and Kazakhstani identity as discussed in the previous section. The core of the argument at the foundation of this project is that market economy and privatization have a negative impact on national identity construction in Kazakhstan. The result is increased non-
67 Source: interview with a non-Kazakh journalist in Aktau, 8/10/2009
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 64 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 58 undermining the intra- and inter-ethnic relations. Traditionally, the Kazakhs found that moralized trust, an intrinsic generalized trust in others without requiring a substantial proof of worthiness or even substantial similarity is more vital for them than being strategic and calculating in dealing with outsiders. Kazakhs were very open and welcoming, treating strangers as relatives rather than as aliens. This deep sense of moralistic trust is what makes Kazakhs even today very distinct from other nations: even Russians and other ethnic groups who lived in Kazakhstan long enough have developed an affinity to this culture of hospitality based on moralistic trust that they frequently feel themselves out of place in their native Russia. 67 The same sense of moralistic trust guided the Kazakhs in the past two hundred years to accommodate millions of “guests” in their land, migrants who came from Russia and elsewhere, willingly or not, because a true Kazakh would welcome anyone in his or her home even when it may mean parting with last piece of food or giving up the last shirt of one’s own back. (Kshibekov, 2006, p. 20) Therefore, the main hypothesis of this paper is that the national identity of Kazakhstan is experiencing a major shock in this post-independence period due to the economic reforms that further complicate the efforts to (re)construct Kazakh and Kazakhstani identity as discussed in the previous section. The core of the argument at the foundation of this project is that market economy and privatization have a negative impact on national identity construction in Kazakhstan. The result is increased non- 67 Source: interview with a non-Kazakh journalist in Aktau, 8/10/2009 |
