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53
wealth of the republic allowed Nazarbayev’s regime to ignore the desires and demands of the population at large. (Dave, 2007, p. 164) Only after “a ‘derussification’ of Kazakh identity”, that is, deconstructing the post-Soviet client networks and Soviet-style institutions of ethnic management, Kazakh(stani)
64 national identity construction will be able to commence in the earnest. (Dave, 2007, p. 171)
Schatz and Dave represent two sides of the growing debate around the issue of clan identities and political elites in Central Asia. Collins, Masanov and Gaman-Golutvina agree with the former, believing that clan networks are a return to pre-modern, that is, pre-Soviet sub-ethnic tribal identities in the region (Collins, 2004) (Masanov, Karin, Chebotarev, & Oka, 2002) or indeed all of the former Soviet Union (Gaman-Golutvina, 2007). Others argue like Dave that patrons-client networks are a post-colonial construct that was inherited from the center-periphery relations developed by the Soviet Union, cutting across sub-ethnic cleavages. (Cummings, 2005) (Murphy, 2006)
Regardless of the origins of patronage networks, they wield an inordinate amount of power, both formal and informal, primarily by managing the redistribution of economic benefits. Since they are pervasive and persistent, controlling the entire country, these networks impede the development of formal institutions of the state and halt the progress of democratic reforms by maintaining stability of the post-Soviet status quo. (Collins, 2004, p. 226) They do fail in some cases, like for example twice in Kyrgyzstan, in 2005 and 2010; but overall, patronage networks are very resilient and fluid, essentially
64 Kazakh identity refers to Kazakh ethnic revival, while Kazakhstani identity refers to the attempts to form a broader national identity including all minorities in the republic, most notably Russians
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 59 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 53 wealth of the republic allowed Nazarbayev’s regime to ignore the desires and demands of the population at large. (Dave, 2007, p. 164) Only after “a ‘derussification’ of Kazakh identity”, that is, deconstructing the post-Soviet client networks and Soviet-style institutions of ethnic management, Kazakh(stani) 64 national identity construction will be able to commence in the earnest. (Dave, 2007, p. 171) Schatz and Dave represent two sides of the growing debate around the issue of clan identities and political elites in Central Asia. Collins, Masanov and Gaman-Golutvina agree with the former, believing that clan networks are a return to pre-modern, that is, pre-Soviet sub-ethnic tribal identities in the region (Collins, 2004) (Masanov, Karin, Chebotarev, & Oka, 2002) or indeed all of the former Soviet Union (Gaman-Golutvina, 2007). Others argue like Dave that patrons-client networks are a post-colonial construct that was inherited from the center-periphery relations developed by the Soviet Union, cutting across sub-ethnic cleavages. (Cummings, 2005) (Murphy, 2006) Regardless of the origins of patronage networks, they wield an inordinate amount of power, both formal and informal, primarily by managing the redistribution of economic benefits. Since they are pervasive and persistent, controlling the entire country, these networks impede the development of formal institutions of the state and halt the progress of democratic reforms by maintaining stability of the post-Soviet status quo. (Collins, 2004, p. 226) They do fail in some cases, like for example twice in Kyrgyzstan, in 2005 and 2010; but overall, patronage networks are very resilient and fluid, essentially 64 Kazakh identity refers to Kazakh ethnic revival, while Kazakhstani identity refers to the attempts to form a broader national identity including all minorities in the republic, most notably Russians |
