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46
Central Asia stands out as one of the least prepared parts of the once great Soviet empire to (re)establish genuine national identity.
This purported weakness of Central Asian identities is not without a challenge. Haugen suggests that even during the period of Soviet control over Central Asia, their national identity already existed and even determined the drawing up of the borders in the region. His research into the issue demonstrates how the competition for economic resources within the Soviet Union between the ethnic groups of Turkestan prompted an eventual delineation of the region into 5 separate territorial and ethnic units. While the delineation was carried out by the Communist Party leadership, major Central Asian ethnicities were part of the process rather than subject to it, although Haugen admits that identity was more a political issue for Central Asian communists and less so for Central Asian population as a whole. (Haugen, 2003)
In another research, Sabol traces Kazakh nationalism back to even before the Soviet Union came into being. He utilizes Hroch’s theory of national identity construction (Hroch, 1985) to argue that before the 1917 revolution, a Kazakh nation started to form around a nucleus of Kazakh intellectuals who were concerned about the condition of Kazakh identity being eroded by the Russian colonization, and eventually pushed forward to form an independent state once the Russian Empire collapsed from within. However, the attempted sovereignty project had to be abandoned in a few short years due to arrival of the new Soviet empire which did not tolerate such attempts to form an independent Kazakh state. (Sabol, 2003) In some ways, the situation resembles what has occurred in the 1990s as the intellectuals now are as concerned about the state of
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 52 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 46 Central Asia stands out as one of the least prepared parts of the once great Soviet empire to (re)establish genuine national identity. This purported weakness of Central Asian identities is not without a challenge. Haugen suggests that even during the period of Soviet control over Central Asia, their national identity already existed and even determined the drawing up of the borders in the region. His research into the issue demonstrates how the competition for economic resources within the Soviet Union between the ethnic groups of Turkestan prompted an eventual delineation of the region into 5 separate territorial and ethnic units. While the delineation was carried out by the Communist Party leadership, major Central Asian ethnicities were part of the process rather than subject to it, although Haugen admits that identity was more a political issue for Central Asian communists and less so for Central Asian population as a whole. (Haugen, 2003) In another research, Sabol traces Kazakh nationalism back to even before the Soviet Union came into being. He utilizes Hroch’s theory of national identity construction (Hroch, 1985) to argue that before the 1917 revolution, a Kazakh nation started to form around a nucleus of Kazakh intellectuals who were concerned about the condition of Kazakh identity being eroded by the Russian colonization, and eventually pushed forward to form an independent state once the Russian Empire collapsed from within. However, the attempted sovereignty project had to be abandoned in a few short years due to arrival of the new Soviet empire which did not tolerate such attempts to form an independent Kazakh state. (Sabol, 2003) In some ways, the situation resembles what has occurred in the 1990s as the intellectuals now are as concerned about the state of |
