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39
The Republic of Kazakhstan today is heir to the territory of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, which was established as the first Kazakh nation-state in the form of an autonomous republic within Russia in 1924 and further transformed into a full-fledged union Republic in 1936. The largest legacy of the past was a major shift in the ethnic composition of its population. In 1989 census, the Kazakhs were not an absolute majority in their own republic, barely constituting 39.7%, while Russians constituted 37.8% of population and the remaining 22.5% was split among many different ethnic groups, the largest of which were Ukranians (5.4%). (Itogi vsesoiuznoi perepisi naseleniia 1989 goda, 1992) In other words, while Kazakh in name, Kazakhstan was ethnically more Slavic than Kazakh in 1989.
The struggles of the Kazakhs are by no means unique. Indeed, the nomads of Middle East and Africa have been and still are experienced similar issues of identity and for more or less same reasons: the modern sedentary state is squeezing them out of their traditional pastoral lands, forces to assimilate and sedentarize thus deeply wounding the nomadic culture and identity. (Chatty, 2006) Even the Sudan crisis has been identified as a classic example of the struggle between the nomad and the settled. (O'Doherty, 2004)
The following chapters will introduce and analyze the issue of national identity development in the light of the hypothesized relationship between market economic reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity formation in three sites in Kazakhstan: Aktau, Astana and Almaty, which are located in the traditional regions of the Kazakh Small, Middle and Great Hordes, respectively. But first, the hypothesis and methods of research will be introduced in the following chapter.
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 45 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 39 The Republic of Kazakhstan today is heir to the territory of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, which was established as the first Kazakh nation-state in the form of an autonomous republic within Russia in 1924 and further transformed into a full-fledged union Republic in 1936. The largest legacy of the past was a major shift in the ethnic composition of its population. In 1989 census, the Kazakhs were not an absolute majority in their own republic, barely constituting 39.7%, while Russians constituted 37.8% of population and the remaining 22.5% was split among many different ethnic groups, the largest of which were Ukranians (5.4%). (Itogi vsesoiuznoi perepisi naseleniia 1989 goda, 1992) In other words, while Kazakh in name, Kazakhstan was ethnically more Slavic than Kazakh in 1989. The struggles of the Kazakhs are by no means unique. Indeed, the nomads of Middle East and Africa have been and still are experienced similar issues of identity and for more or less same reasons: the modern sedentary state is squeezing them out of their traditional pastoral lands, forces to assimilate and sedentarize thus deeply wounding the nomadic culture and identity. (Chatty, 2006) Even the Sudan crisis has been identified as a classic example of the struggle between the nomad and the settled. (O'Doherty, 2004) The following chapters will introduce and analyze the issue of national identity development in the light of the hypothesized relationship between market economic reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity formation in three sites in Kazakhstan: Aktau, Astana and Almaty, which are located in the traditional regions of the Kazakh Small, Middle and Great Hordes, respectively. But first, the hypothesis and methods of research will be introduced in the following chapter. |
