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century which drew on the customary law of the nomads and became the common law of the Kazakhs, further developed in Khan Tauke’s Zhety Zharghy
11 in the late 17th century. (Istoriia Kazakhstana, 1997, p. 366) Today, the concepts of the Kazakh nation and the Kazakh state became inalienable in the mind of the people in Kazakhstan.12
Smith’s definition of nation also fits another account of the origins of the Kazakh nation offered by Masanov in 1995, which gained popularity in the last decade. He suggests a causal relationship between nomadic lifestyle and Kazakh identity. Drawing on the theory of geographical possibilism, he argues that it was the environment of Kazakh steppes that made disparate nomadic tribes into parts of one whole – the Kazakh nation. The unity of these tribes was not established overnight, it was thousands of years of pastoral nomadism in the arid steppes of Kazakhstan that brought them together, both from within and from outside of Central Asia; forging a strong sense of community among them. It was not a smooth process, subject to frequent political and ethnic upheavals including massive invasions, wars and migrations that took place in or originated from Central Asia. Nonetheless, nothing was able to stop formation of the nomadic culture and identity specific to the Kazakh steppe which established the Kazakh nation. (Masanov N. , 1995)
Masanov’s examination of the nomadic identity and its close relationship with the land and environment of the Kazakh steppe provides essential parts of the puzzle for the formation of the Kazakh nation according to Smith’s definition of the concept. The
11 More on that below
12 Author’s observation
Object Description
| Title | Market reforms, foreign direct investment and national identity: Non-national identity of Kazakhstan |
| Author | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Author email | janalin_a@yahoo.com; zhanalin@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | International Relations |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-29 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | English, Robert |
| Advisor (committee member) |
James, Patrick Rorlich, Azade-Ayse |
| Abstract | The present study offers an analysis of the concept of non-national identity in application to the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most likely case. The primary hypothesis is that newly independent states, which are undergoing a rapid transition to market economy and actively pursue integration in the world economy and foreign direct investment, will experience fragmentation of their national identity, defined as non-national identity.; Three sites in Kazakhstan, Almaty, Astana and Aktau, were chosen for the study as representative of the market reforms in the republic as well as the best examples of the country’s pursuit of foreign direct investment and integration into the global economy. The data collected indicates that while Kazakhstan does demonstrate fragmentation of its national identity, it is not necessarily caused by the market reforms and the participation in the global trade. Alternative causal variables such as the Soviet and Russian colonial legacy, intra-ethnic cleavages among the Kazakhs and the prevalence of multi-vector foreign policy were found to contribute to the development of non-national identity of Kazakhstan. The study’s results also suggest that in the last few years, Kazakh identity is experiencing a rather strong revival as well, which may yet counteract the existing factors leading to the emergence of the non-national identity of Kazakhstan. |
| Keyword | identity; nationalism; Kazakhstan; market reforms; globalization; foreign direct investment; national identity; countries in transition; foreign policy; culture; former Soviet Union; Central Asia; patronage networks; energy; oil; post-colonial legacy; nation-state |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Almaty; Astana; Aktau |
| Geographic subject (country) | Kazakhstan |
| Coverage date | 1970/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3812 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Zhanalin, Azamat |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Zhanalin-4506 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume51/etd-Zhanalin-4506.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 13 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 7 century which drew on the customary law of the nomads and became the common law of the Kazakhs, further developed in Khan Tauke’s Zhety Zharghy 11 in the late 17th century. (Istoriia Kazakhstana, 1997, p. 366) Today, the concepts of the Kazakh nation and the Kazakh state became inalienable in the mind of the people in Kazakhstan.12 Smith’s definition of nation also fits another account of the origins of the Kazakh nation offered by Masanov in 1995, which gained popularity in the last decade. He suggests a causal relationship between nomadic lifestyle and Kazakh identity. Drawing on the theory of geographical possibilism, he argues that it was the environment of Kazakh steppes that made disparate nomadic tribes into parts of one whole – the Kazakh nation. The unity of these tribes was not established overnight, it was thousands of years of pastoral nomadism in the arid steppes of Kazakhstan that brought them together, both from within and from outside of Central Asia; forging a strong sense of community among them. It was not a smooth process, subject to frequent political and ethnic upheavals including massive invasions, wars and migrations that took place in or originated from Central Asia. Nonetheless, nothing was able to stop formation of the nomadic culture and identity specific to the Kazakh steppe which established the Kazakh nation. (Masanov N. , 1995) Masanov’s examination of the nomadic identity and its close relationship with the land and environment of the Kazakh steppe provides essential parts of the puzzle for the formation of the Kazakh nation according to Smith’s definition of the concept. The 11 More on that below 12 Author’s observation |
