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105
2. Credit FTES (Enrollment Reports)
3. Non-Credit FTES (Enrollment Reports)
4. Average salary for Full-time (FT) instructors (Staffing Reports)
5. Average Part-time (PT) instructor wage rate (Staffing Reports)
6. Percentage of FT instructors at each district (Staffing Reports)
7. Percentage of FT instructors at each district (Staffing Reports)
8. Number of FT faculty by FTE (Staffing Reports)
9. Number of PT faculty by FTE (Staffing Reports)
10. Student to Faculty Ratio (dividing FTES by FTE)
11. Total number of faculty (Total FTE)
Of the variables measured in this study, number of part-time faculty (PT FTE)
had the largest affect on instructional costs per FTES. As the number of part-time
faculty increased, instructional expenditures per FTES decreased. One factor is the
addition of students that accompanies the addition of faculty. As enrollment expands,
additional faculty, particularly PT faculty are added. Conversely, as faculty are added,
the capacity for a college to service additional students is also increased. Three other
factors also had an indirect relationship to instructional costs per FTES: the total
number of faculty (Total FTE), total number of credit students (FTES credit), and the
total number of students (FTES total). As the number of both faculty and students
increased, instructional costs per FTES decreased. The fifth factor, average full-time
instructor salary (Avg FT salary) contributed to higher instructional costs. As the
Object Description
| Title | Finance in the California community college: Comparative analysis and benchmarking of instructional expenditures |
| Author | Karamian, Martin |
| Author email | martinsfsu@netzero.com; karamim@piercecollege.edu |
| Degree | Doctor of Education |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Education (Leadership) |
| School | Rossier School of Education |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-17 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-26 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Picus, Lawrence O. |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Melguizo, Tatiana Vega, William |
| Abstract | The goals of this empirical study of community colleges are to 1) create a benchmark for per student instructional expenditures; and 2) account for variations in instructional expenditures among a peer group of community colleges in Southern California. The peer group sample included 22 single campus community college districts in the Los Angeles area. Using data for three fiscal years a refined mean benchmark value for instructional expenditures of $2,676.71 per full-time equivalent student (FTES) was estimated with a standard deviation of $326.54. Using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, 11 variables were correlated with instructional costs per FTES. The largest and only statistically significant determinant included the number of part-time instructors (-0.424). While other variables were correlated, none were statistically significant at the 95% confidence interval. The results from the sample suggest that larger colleges have lower instructional costs per FTES despite higher faculty pay. Expanding credit student enrollment within the funding growth limits set by the State, along with additional part-time instruction within the limits set by the State will likely result in lower instructional costs per FTES and an economy of scale effect. The effect of increased institutional size on quality of education was not assessed. |
| Keyword | finance; California; community college; comparative analysis; benchmarking; instructional expenditures; economics; higher education; spending; instruction; education; economy of scale |
| Geographic subject (state) | California |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1990/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3775 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Karamian, Martin |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Karamian-4454 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume23/etd-Karamian-4454.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 113 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 105 2. Credit FTES (Enrollment Reports) 3. Non-Credit FTES (Enrollment Reports) 4. Average salary for Full-time (FT) instructors (Staffing Reports) 5. Average Part-time (PT) instructor wage rate (Staffing Reports) 6. Percentage of FT instructors at each district (Staffing Reports) 7. Percentage of FT instructors at each district (Staffing Reports) 8. Number of FT faculty by FTE (Staffing Reports) 9. Number of PT faculty by FTE (Staffing Reports) 10. Student to Faculty Ratio (dividing FTES by FTE) 11. Total number of faculty (Total FTE) Of the variables measured in this study, number of part-time faculty (PT FTE) had the largest affect on instructional costs per FTES. As the number of part-time faculty increased, instructional expenditures per FTES decreased. One factor is the addition of students that accompanies the addition of faculty. As enrollment expands, additional faculty, particularly PT faculty are added. Conversely, as faculty are added, the capacity for a college to service additional students is also increased. Three other factors also had an indirect relationship to instructional costs per FTES: the total number of faculty (Total FTE), total number of credit students (FTES credit), and the total number of students (FTES total). As the number of both faculty and students increased, instructional costs per FTES decreased. The fifth factor, average full-time instructor salary (Avg FT salary) contributed to higher instructional costs. As the |
