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79
Table 6 lists all 22 colleges in alphabetical order. The highest expenditures of
dollars per FTES observed was Mira Costa College at $3,614.40 per FTES, while the
lowest observed was Santa Monica College at $2,351.35. In the case of Mira Costa, as
one of only three “Basic Aid Schools” in California, the high property values in the
district lead to a significant local tax windfall. As a result, Mira Costs receives a much
higher level of funding per FTES when compared to the other schools in the sample.
The bulk of this funding does not originate from the State, but is instead local property
tax based. As outliers, neither Mira Costs nor Santa Monica is included in the
benchmark calculation. The benchmark of instructional expenditures using the refined
mean was $2,676.71 per FTES. Separate benchmarks based on college size were not
calculated due to the small size of the sample; a sample size of less than 20 will
endanger the validity of the benchmark. Within the sample, instructional expenditures
for 13 colleges were below the benchmark, while the remaining nine were above the
benchmark. The derived normal mean, which does include the two outlying colleges
(Santa Monica and Mira Costa) was slightly more at $2,703.63 per FTES. The
weighted mean was nearly the same as the refined mean, being short only five cents
per FTES. The standard deviation for the entire sample was 326.54; 17 of the 22
colleges are within one standard deviation of the refined mean. Figure 3 visually
represents the dollars per FTES for all colleges, including the refined mean.
Object Description
| Title | Finance in the California community college: Comparative analysis and benchmarking of instructional expenditures |
| Author | Karamian, Martin |
| Author email | martinsfsu@netzero.com; karamim@piercecollege.edu |
| Degree | Doctor of Education |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Education (Leadership) |
| School | Rossier School of Education |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-17 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-26 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Picus, Lawrence O. |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Melguizo, Tatiana Vega, William |
| Abstract | The goals of this empirical study of community colleges are to 1) create a benchmark for per student instructional expenditures; and 2) account for variations in instructional expenditures among a peer group of community colleges in Southern California. The peer group sample included 22 single campus community college districts in the Los Angeles area. Using data for three fiscal years a refined mean benchmark value for instructional expenditures of $2,676.71 per full-time equivalent student (FTES) was estimated with a standard deviation of $326.54. Using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, 11 variables were correlated with instructional costs per FTES. The largest and only statistically significant determinant included the number of part-time instructors (-0.424). While other variables were correlated, none were statistically significant at the 95% confidence interval. The results from the sample suggest that larger colleges have lower instructional costs per FTES despite higher faculty pay. Expanding credit student enrollment within the funding growth limits set by the State, along with additional part-time instruction within the limits set by the State will likely result in lower instructional costs per FTES and an economy of scale effect. The effect of increased institutional size on quality of education was not assessed. |
| Keyword | finance; California; community college; comparative analysis; benchmarking; instructional expenditures; economics; higher education; spending; instruction; education; economy of scale |
| Geographic subject (state) | California |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1990/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3775 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Karamian, Martin |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Karamian-4454 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume23/etd-Karamian-4454.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 87 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 79 Table 6 lists all 22 colleges in alphabetical order. The highest expenditures of dollars per FTES observed was Mira Costa College at $3,614.40 per FTES, while the lowest observed was Santa Monica College at $2,351.35. In the case of Mira Costa, as one of only three “Basic Aid Schools” in California, the high property values in the district lead to a significant local tax windfall. As a result, Mira Costs receives a much higher level of funding per FTES when compared to the other schools in the sample. The bulk of this funding does not originate from the State, but is instead local property tax based. As outliers, neither Mira Costs nor Santa Monica is included in the benchmark calculation. The benchmark of instructional expenditures using the refined mean was $2,676.71 per FTES. Separate benchmarks based on college size were not calculated due to the small size of the sample; a sample size of less than 20 will endanger the validity of the benchmark. Within the sample, instructional expenditures for 13 colleges were below the benchmark, while the remaining nine were above the benchmark. The derived normal mean, which does include the two outlying colleges (Santa Monica and Mira Costa) was slightly more at $2,703.63 per FTES. The weighted mean was nearly the same as the refined mean, being short only five cents per FTES. The standard deviation for the entire sample was 326.54; 17 of the 22 colleges are within one standard deviation of the refined mean. Figure 3 visually represents the dollars per FTES for all colleges, including the refined mean. |
