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77
enrollment by FTES obtained from enrollment reports from the Chancellor’s office.
The FTES data were also collected and averaged over the same three-year period. The
instructional expenditure were calculated by dividing the three-year average
instructional expenditure by the three-year FTES average for each college to derive
the costs of instruction in terms of FTES.
A refined mean was computed by omitting the top 5% and bottom 5% of
observation; the top single college and bottom single college were omitted, these being
Santa Monica College and Mira Costa College. Hence the resulting refined mean
spans 20 colleges, instead of 22. The standard deviation as well as a normal mean for
all 22 colleges was also calculated. The z-scores were also calculated for all colleges
in order to evaluate the dispersion on instructional costs around the refined mean. The
average FTES and average instructional dollars appear in Table 6, including the
minimum, maximum, mean, weighted mean and standard deviation for the 22
colleges. The refined mean for the 20 colleges is also represented. The data is the
average for fiscal years 2005-2006, 2006-2007, and 2007-2008.
Object Description
| Title | Finance in the California community college: Comparative analysis and benchmarking of instructional expenditures |
| Author | Karamian, Martin |
| Author email | martinsfsu@netzero.com; karamim@piercecollege.edu |
| Degree | Doctor of Education |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Education (Leadership) |
| School | Rossier School of Education |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-17 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-26 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Picus, Lawrence O. |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Melguizo, Tatiana Vega, William |
| Abstract | The goals of this empirical study of community colleges are to 1) create a benchmark for per student instructional expenditures; and 2) account for variations in instructional expenditures among a peer group of community colleges in Southern California. The peer group sample included 22 single campus community college districts in the Los Angeles area. Using data for three fiscal years a refined mean benchmark value for instructional expenditures of $2,676.71 per full-time equivalent student (FTES) was estimated with a standard deviation of $326.54. Using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, 11 variables were correlated with instructional costs per FTES. The largest and only statistically significant determinant included the number of part-time instructors (-0.424). While other variables were correlated, none were statistically significant at the 95% confidence interval. The results from the sample suggest that larger colleges have lower instructional costs per FTES despite higher faculty pay. Expanding credit student enrollment within the funding growth limits set by the State, along with additional part-time instruction within the limits set by the State will likely result in lower instructional costs per FTES and an economy of scale effect. The effect of increased institutional size on quality of education was not assessed. |
| Keyword | finance; California; community college; comparative analysis; benchmarking; instructional expenditures; economics; higher education; spending; instruction; education; economy of scale |
| Geographic subject (state) | California |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1990/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3775 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Karamian, Martin |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Karamian-4454 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume23/etd-Karamian-4454.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 85 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 77 enrollment by FTES obtained from enrollment reports from the Chancellor’s office. The FTES data were also collected and averaged over the same three-year period. The instructional expenditure were calculated by dividing the three-year average instructional expenditure by the three-year FTES average for each college to derive the costs of instruction in terms of FTES. A refined mean was computed by omitting the top 5% and bottom 5% of observation; the top single college and bottom single college were omitted, these being Santa Monica College and Mira Costa College. Hence the resulting refined mean spans 20 colleges, instead of 22. The standard deviation as well as a normal mean for all 22 colleges was also calculated. The z-scores were also calculated for all colleges in order to evaluate the dispersion on instructional costs around the refined mean. The average FTES and average instructional dollars appear in Table 6, including the minimum, maximum, mean, weighted mean and standard deviation for the 22 colleges. The refined mean for the 20 colleges is also represented. The data is the average for fiscal years 2005-2006, 2006-2007, and 2007-2008. |
