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36
California Community College Budgeting and Accounting
The budgeting and expenditure mechanism of the CCC is rooted the adoption
of Title 5 Section 59011 of the California Code of Regulations as prescribed by the
Budget and Accounting Manual (2000). The Budget and Accounting Manual has the
authority of regulation in financial reporting of all CCC. This oversight mechanism is
defined in the California Education Code (EdCode) Section 70901. The Budgeting and
Accounting Manual also prescribes accounting and budgeting procedures as set forth
by Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Despite the fact that for-profit
organizations focus on profits and losses while not-for-profit and public organizations
focus on the use of resources, GAAP is the standard form of accounting in nearly all
organizations in the United States. In a private enterprise, products or services are sold
directly to consumers. Community Colleges on the other hand provide several services
(instruction, community service, guidance and counseling, etc.), which are paid for
from a variety of revenue sources as previously discussed. The prescribed detailed
accounting system in the manual is designed to create a uniformed method of
accounting for all districts. The California Code of Regulation limits district
expenditures to the amounts appropriated for each major expenditure classification by
each district’s governing board. These various regulations require that all documents
dealing with appropriations must be prepared according to the same classification
employed to account for expenditures. In reporting both the revenues and
expenditures, CCC use fund accounting as a control device to separate financial
Object Description
| Title | Finance in the California community college: Comparative analysis and benchmarking of instructional expenditures |
| Author | Karamian, Martin |
| Author email | martinsfsu@netzero.com; karamim@piercecollege.edu |
| Degree | Doctor of Education |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Education (Leadership) |
| School | Rossier School of Education |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-17 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-26 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Picus, Lawrence O. |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Melguizo, Tatiana Vega, William |
| Abstract | The goals of this empirical study of community colleges are to 1) create a benchmark for per student instructional expenditures; and 2) account for variations in instructional expenditures among a peer group of community colleges in Southern California. The peer group sample included 22 single campus community college districts in the Los Angeles area. Using data for three fiscal years a refined mean benchmark value for instructional expenditures of $2,676.71 per full-time equivalent student (FTES) was estimated with a standard deviation of $326.54. Using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, 11 variables were correlated with instructional costs per FTES. The largest and only statistically significant determinant included the number of part-time instructors (-0.424). While other variables were correlated, none were statistically significant at the 95% confidence interval. The results from the sample suggest that larger colleges have lower instructional costs per FTES despite higher faculty pay. Expanding credit student enrollment within the funding growth limits set by the State, along with additional part-time instruction within the limits set by the State will likely result in lower instructional costs per FTES and an economy of scale effect. The effect of increased institutional size on quality of education was not assessed. |
| Keyword | finance; California; community college; comparative analysis; benchmarking; instructional expenditures; economics; higher education; spending; instruction; education; economy of scale |
| Geographic subject (state) | California |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1990/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3775 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Karamian, Martin |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Karamian-4454 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume23/etd-Karamian-4454.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 44 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 36 California Community College Budgeting and Accounting The budgeting and expenditure mechanism of the CCC is rooted the adoption of Title 5 Section 59011 of the California Code of Regulations as prescribed by the Budget and Accounting Manual (2000). The Budget and Accounting Manual has the authority of regulation in financial reporting of all CCC. This oversight mechanism is defined in the California Education Code (EdCode) Section 70901. The Budgeting and Accounting Manual also prescribes accounting and budgeting procedures as set forth by Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Despite the fact that for-profit organizations focus on profits and losses while not-for-profit and public organizations focus on the use of resources, GAAP is the standard form of accounting in nearly all organizations in the United States. In a private enterprise, products or services are sold directly to consumers. Community Colleges on the other hand provide several services (instruction, community service, guidance and counseling, etc.), which are paid for from a variety of revenue sources as previously discussed. The prescribed detailed accounting system in the manual is designed to create a uniformed method of accounting for all districts. The California Code of Regulation limits district expenditures to the amounts appropriated for each major expenditure classification by each district’s governing board. These various regulations require that all documents dealing with appropriations must be prepared according to the same classification employed to account for expenditures. In reporting both the revenues and expenditures, CCC use fund accounting as a control device to separate financial |
