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20
The community college system in California is the largest in the country,
serving over 2.7 million students within 109 colleges (recently expanded to 112)
separated by 72 districts (Smith, 2010). Collectively, the colleges are a $5 billion
enterprise and fill a critical gap in the State’s effort to provide adults higher education
(Murphy, 2004). Community colleges are spread all over the state, from the largest,
Los Angeles Community College District with 99,000 full time equivalent students, to
the smallest, Feather River Community College with 1,800. All of the community
colleges in the state are publicly supported and pursue a wide range of missions,
including offering courses for transfer to four-year institutions, associate degrees,
certificates, vocational programs, remedial education, and personal development
courses. The system currently employs over 70,000 people including 26,000 support
staff, 18,000 faculty, and 3,500 administrators (Smith, 2010). The student
demographic varies from college to college, but the state wide average age is 27. Forty
percent of students attend part-time. Approximately 44% of students are male and
56% are female. Ethnically, the largest contingent is white students, with 38% of
enrollment, followed by Latinos at 33%. Asian Americans constitute 17% of
enrollment, African Americans 8%, and Native Americans 1% (Smith, 2010).
Enrollment figures at the CCC reveal that African Americans, Native Americans, and
Latinos are more likely to be among the state “willing and able” resident who do not
attend UC or CSU schools (Murphy, 2004).
Object Description
| Title | Finance in the California community college: Comparative analysis and benchmarking of instructional expenditures |
| Author | Karamian, Martin |
| Author email | martinsfsu@netzero.com; karamim@piercecollege.edu |
| Degree | Doctor of Education |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Education (Leadership) |
| School | Rossier School of Education |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-03-17 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-04-26 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Picus, Lawrence O. |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Melguizo, Tatiana Vega, William |
| Abstract | The goals of this empirical study of community colleges are to 1) create a benchmark for per student instructional expenditures; and 2) account for variations in instructional expenditures among a peer group of community colleges in Southern California. The peer group sample included 22 single campus community college districts in the Los Angeles area. Using data for three fiscal years a refined mean benchmark value for instructional expenditures of $2,676.71 per full-time equivalent student (FTES) was estimated with a standard deviation of $326.54. Using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, 11 variables were correlated with instructional costs per FTES. The largest and only statistically significant determinant included the number of part-time instructors (-0.424). While other variables were correlated, none were statistically significant at the 95% confidence interval. The results from the sample suggest that larger colleges have lower instructional costs per FTES despite higher faculty pay. Expanding credit student enrollment within the funding growth limits set by the State, along with additional part-time instruction within the limits set by the State will likely result in lower instructional costs per FTES and an economy of scale effect. The effect of increased institutional size on quality of education was not assessed. |
| Keyword | finance; California; community college; comparative analysis; benchmarking; instructional expenditures; economics; higher education; spending; instruction; education; economy of scale |
| Geographic subject (state) | California |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1990/2010 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3775 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Karamian, Martin |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Karamian-4454 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume23/etd-Karamian-4454.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 28 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 20 The community college system in California is the largest in the country, serving over 2.7 million students within 109 colleges (recently expanded to 112) separated by 72 districts (Smith, 2010). Collectively, the colleges are a $5 billion enterprise and fill a critical gap in the State’s effort to provide adults higher education (Murphy, 2004). Community colleges are spread all over the state, from the largest, Los Angeles Community College District with 99,000 full time equivalent students, to the smallest, Feather River Community College with 1,800. All of the community colleges in the state are publicly supported and pursue a wide range of missions, including offering courses for transfer to four-year institutions, associate degrees, certificates, vocational programs, remedial education, and personal development courses. The system currently employs over 70,000 people including 26,000 support staff, 18,000 faculty, and 3,500 administrators (Smith, 2010). The student demographic varies from college to college, but the state wide average age is 27. Forty percent of students attend part-time. Approximately 44% of students are male and 56% are female. Ethnically, the largest contingent is white students, with 38% of enrollment, followed by Latinos at 33%. Asian Americans constitute 17% of enrollment, African Americans 8%, and Native Americans 1% (Smith, 2010). Enrollment figures at the CCC reveal that African Americans, Native Americans, and Latinos are more likely to be among the state “willing and able” resident who do not attend UC or CSU schools (Murphy, 2004). |
