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Rastogi and Jaiswal (2006) have listed ninety tsunamis in the Indian Ocean between
326 B.C. and 2005 A.D; seventy of these are from the Sumatra Subdcution Zone and
the remaining from the Bangladesh-Myanmar Coast on the north, which has well-documented
tsunamis, and the Makran Coast in the northwest, which has one recorded
tsunami. Tsunamis may not be as frequent as they in Pacific Ocean; however, some have
claimed that the Indian Ocean experiences on average one tsunami every year.
The 1833 earthquake size has been determined by studying the coral bands around
the Mentawai Islandsi, which are similar to tree rings, suggesting that the 1833 earth-quake
was aMw8.8−9.2, as a result of a rupture of 13ma 550km×175km(Zachariasen
et al., 1999).
The Indian and Sundaland plate interaction has a 36mm/yr convergence rate
derived from the GPS measurements (Sahu et al., 2006). This triggers great earthquakes
in the Myanmar region, for instance, the 1897 Mw8.7 earthquake.
There is paleoseismic evidence of tsunamis around the Persian Gulf. The most recent
tsunamigenic earthquake took place at the Makran region in 1945, see Appendix A. We
model it with aMw8.7 earthquake, which was a rupture of 7m slip over a 550km×km,
following the study of Byrne et al. (1992).
We study tsunamis in the Indian Ocean with in a single propagation model and prop-agated
them until the Andaman Sea, where they are passed through at the boundaries
to the three nested grids, as shown in Figure B.2. The model used is MOST (Titov and
Synolakis, 1997, 1998), and discussed in Chapter 1 and Appendix A.
183
Object Description
| Title | Deterministic and probabilistic tsunami studies in California from near and farfield sources |
| Author | Uslu, Burak |
| Author email | uslu@usc.edu; burak.uslu@noaa.gov |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Civil Engineering |
| School | Viterbi School of Engineering |
| Date defended/completed | 2007-09-21 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2008-10-30 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Synolakis, Costas E. |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Bardet, Jean-Pierre Okal, Emile A. Moore, James Elliott, II |
| Abstract | California is vulnerable to tsunamis from both local and distant sources. While there is an overall awareness of the threat, tsunamis are infrequent events and few communities have a good understanding of vulnerability. To quantitatively evaluate the tsunami hazard in the State, deterministic and probabilistic methods are used to compute inundation and runup heights in selected population centers along the coast.; For the numerical modeling of tsunamis, a two dimensional finite difference propagation and runup model is used. All known near and farfield sources of relevance to California are considered. For the farfield hazard analysis, the Pacific Rim is subdivided into small segments where unit ruptures are assumed, then the transpacific propagations are calculated. The historical records from the 1952 Kamchatka, 1960 Great Chile, 1964 Great Alaska, and 1994 and 2006 Kuril Islands earthquakes are compared to modeled results. A sensitivity analysis is performed on each subduction zone segment to determine the relative effect of the source location on wave heights off the California Coast.; Here, both time-dependent and time-independent methods are used to assess the tsunami risk. In the latter, slip rates are obtained from GPS measurements of the tectonic motions and then used as a basis to estimate the return period of possible earthquakes. The return periods of tsunamis resulting from these events are combined with computed waveheight estimates to provide a total probability of exceedance of given waveheights for ports and harbors in California. The time independent method follows the practice of past studies that have used Gutenberg and Richter type relationships to assign probabilities to specific tsunami sources.; The Cascadia Subduction Zone is the biggest nearfield earthquake source and is capable of producing mega-thrust earthquake ruptures between the Gorda and North American plates and may cause extensive damage north of Cape Mendocino, to Seattle. The present analysis suggests that San Francisco Bay and Central California are most sensitive to tsunamis originating from the Alaska and Aleutians Subduction Zone (AASZ). An earthquake with a magnitude comparable to the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake on central AASZ could result in twice the wave height as experienced in San Francisco Bay in 1964.; The probabilistic approach shows that Central California and San Francisco Bay have more frequent tsunamis from the AASZ, while Southern California can be impacted from tsunamis generated on Chile and Central American Subduction Zone as well as the AASZ. |
| Keyword | assessment; California; hazard; model; probability; tsunami |
| Geographic subject | capes: Kamchatka; islands: Kuril Islands; fault zones: Cascadia Subduction Zone |
| Geographic subject (state) | California; Alaska |
| Geographic subject (country) | Chile |
| Coverage date | 1952/2008 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1706 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Uslu, Burak |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-uslu-2434 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume40/etd-uslu-2434.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 198 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | Rastogi and Jaiswal (2006) have listed ninety tsunamis in the Indian Ocean between 326 B.C. and 2005 A.D; seventy of these are from the Sumatra Subdcution Zone and the remaining from the Bangladesh-Myanmar Coast on the north, which has well-documented tsunamis, and the Makran Coast in the northwest, which has one recorded tsunami. Tsunamis may not be as frequent as they in Pacific Ocean; however, some have claimed that the Indian Ocean experiences on average one tsunami every year. The 1833 earthquake size has been determined by studying the coral bands around the Mentawai Islandsi, which are similar to tree rings, suggesting that the 1833 earth-quake was aMw8.8−9.2, as a result of a rupture of 13ma 550km×175km(Zachariasen et al., 1999). The Indian and Sundaland plate interaction has a 36mm/yr convergence rate derived from the GPS measurements (Sahu et al., 2006). This triggers great earthquakes in the Myanmar region, for instance, the 1897 Mw8.7 earthquake. There is paleoseismic evidence of tsunamis around the Persian Gulf. The most recent tsunamigenic earthquake took place at the Makran region in 1945, see Appendix A. We model it with aMw8.7 earthquake, which was a rupture of 7m slip over a 550km×km, following the study of Byrne et al. (1992). We study tsunamis in the Indian Ocean with in a single propagation model and prop-agated them until the Andaman Sea, where they are passed through at the boundaries to the three nested grids, as shown in Figure B.2. The model used is MOST (Titov and Synolakis, 1997, 1998), and discussed in Chapter 1 and Appendix A. 183 |
