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95
Results
In Model 2b, the variables representing a new political regime and the
dummy variable for African countries were again used as instruments for the
variable: multisectoral program. In this two stage model, those IVs as well as all
other variables from Model 2a were examined. The IVs representing a multisectoral
program have significant and negative influences on the 2005 HIV/AIDS rate in
estimations I and II. To ensure that the chosen instruments were valid, a relevance
test and an exogeneity test were preformed Conditions required for these tests were
met (F-statistic greater than 10 and coefficients on instruments equal zero) indicating
that instruments were valid. The two-stage model reconfirms that multisectoral
programs are useful for fighting HIV/AIDS and the result also eliminates the
possibility of reverse causality. The results for all variables are as follows:
• The Gini coefficient in estimation III has a positive influence on the 2005
HIV/AIDS rate indicating that income inequality worsens HIV/AIDS as a
disproportionate amount of assistance and information for the rich is likely to
leave the poor more vulnerable to the disease. This result, however, is not
significant.
• A Civil War any time over 1995 to 2005 has a positive effect on the
HIV/AIDS rate in all models possibly due to forced sex and sex with
irregular partners that tends to occur during civil wars. In estimation I of the
model, the result is also statistically significant.
Object Description
| Title | Political determinants and economic effects of HIV/AIDS: a push for the multisectoral approach |
| Author | Davis, Dollie |
| Author email | dollieda@usc.edu; dolliesdavis@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Political Economy & Public Policy |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2008-07-15 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2008-10-30 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Wise, Carol |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Nugent, Jeffrey B. Chi, Iris |
| Abstract | The proposed dissertation offers an explanation for the large differences in HIV/AIDS rates among 89 low and middle-income countries throughout the Sub Saharan African, Asian, and Latin American regions over a ten-year period (1995-2005). The HIV/AIDS rates in these countries vary widely and seemingly independently of economic wealth. One possible determinant of these differences is the presence and degree of development of strong multisectoral programs aimed at both prevention and cure of HIV/AIDS. The main hypothesis for this dissertation is: "A country's success in combating HIV/AIDS lies in the government's ability to implement an effective multisectoral program." This hypothesis is explored through quantitative models using data from the ten-year period (1995-2005). Results show that the presence of a multisectoral program over the ten-year period is associated with a significantly lower HIV/AIDS incidence rate by 2005. This effect is produced by controlling for various political, economic, societal, and institutional factors. Although there is some anecdotal evidence which suggests that multisectoral programs help to improve the HIV/AIDS problem in developing countries, there has been little if any empirical work done on this subject to date. |
| Keyword | multisectoral; HIV/AIDS; economic development |
| Geographic subject (region) | Carribbean |
| Geographic subject (continent) | Africa; Asia; South America |
| Coverage date | 1995/2005 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1724 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Davis, Dollie |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Davis-2422 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume44/etd-Davis-2422.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 103 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 95 Results In Model 2b, the variables representing a new political regime and the dummy variable for African countries were again used as instruments for the variable: multisectoral program. In this two stage model, those IVs as well as all other variables from Model 2a were examined. The IVs representing a multisectoral program have significant and negative influences on the 2005 HIV/AIDS rate in estimations I and II. To ensure that the chosen instruments were valid, a relevance test and an exogeneity test were preformed Conditions required for these tests were met (F-statistic greater than 10 and coefficients on instruments equal zero) indicating that instruments were valid. The two-stage model reconfirms that multisectoral programs are useful for fighting HIV/AIDS and the result also eliminates the possibility of reverse causality. The results for all variables are as follows: • The Gini coefficient in estimation III has a positive influence on the 2005 HIV/AIDS rate indicating that income inequality worsens HIV/AIDS as a disproportionate amount of assistance and information for the rich is likely to leave the poor more vulnerable to the disease. This result, however, is not significant. • A Civil War any time over 1995 to 2005 has a positive effect on the HIV/AIDS rate in all models possibly due to forced sex and sex with irregular partners that tends to occur during civil wars. In estimation I of the model, the result is also statistically significant. |
