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4
programs. NGOs can then work closely with the government to identify and educate
the vulnerable groups in society.
Thailand is an example of a low-income country with a successful
multisectoral HIV/AIDS program. The Multisectoral National AIDS Prevention and
Control Committee, established in 1991 by the Thai Prime Minister, united several
governmental sectors that worked with NGOs, businesses, and the media to set up an
extensive anti-AIDS/pro-condom campaign. The program's results were impressive:
Thailand’s rate of new HIV infections reportedly fell from 140,000 in 1992 to 30,000
in 2001. By contrast, South Africa’s government did not aggressively implement a
multisectoral program until 2000 while the HIV/AIDS prevalence rate rose from
3.2% around 1995 to 19.94% around 1999. Since the inception of the multisectoral
program, however, this trend has slowly been reversed and South Africa’s AIDS rate
had fallen to 18.8% in 2005.4
There are other political determinants (besides a multisectoral program), as
well as societal factors, and these potentially influence HIV/AIDS rates in
developing countries. These variables will be thoroughly described in Chapter 4.
One possible political determinant of HIV/AIDS would be: a country’s involvement
in civil war, while examples of societal determinants would include the legalization
of prostitution, the percentage of the population that is Muslim and, the percentage of
the population that are males aged 15-30. In particular, the outbreak of civil wars
can exacerbate the spread of HIV/AIDS, as forced sex and sex with irregular partners
4 Current HIV/AIDS prevalence rates from HIV INSITE.
Object Description
| Title | Political determinants and economic effects of HIV/AIDS: a push for the multisectoral approach |
| Author | Davis, Dollie |
| Author email | dollieda@usc.edu; dolliesdavis@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Political Economy & Public Policy |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2008-07-15 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2008-10-30 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Wise, Carol |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Nugent, Jeffrey B. Chi, Iris |
| Abstract | The proposed dissertation offers an explanation for the large differences in HIV/AIDS rates among 89 low and middle-income countries throughout the Sub Saharan African, Asian, and Latin American regions over a ten-year period (1995-2005). The HIV/AIDS rates in these countries vary widely and seemingly independently of economic wealth. One possible determinant of these differences is the presence and degree of development of strong multisectoral programs aimed at both prevention and cure of HIV/AIDS. The main hypothesis for this dissertation is: "A country's success in combating HIV/AIDS lies in the government's ability to implement an effective multisectoral program." This hypothesis is explored through quantitative models using data from the ten-year period (1995-2005). Results show that the presence of a multisectoral program over the ten-year period is associated with a significantly lower HIV/AIDS incidence rate by 2005. This effect is produced by controlling for various political, economic, societal, and institutional factors. Although there is some anecdotal evidence which suggests that multisectoral programs help to improve the HIV/AIDS problem in developing countries, there has been little if any empirical work done on this subject to date. |
| Keyword | multisectoral; HIV/AIDS; economic development |
| Geographic subject (region) | Carribbean |
| Geographic subject (continent) | Africa; Asia; South America |
| Coverage date | 1995/2005 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1724 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Davis, Dollie |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Davis-2422 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume44/etd-Davis-2422.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 12 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 4 programs. NGOs can then work closely with the government to identify and educate the vulnerable groups in society. Thailand is an example of a low-income country with a successful multisectoral HIV/AIDS program. The Multisectoral National AIDS Prevention and Control Committee, established in 1991 by the Thai Prime Minister, united several governmental sectors that worked with NGOs, businesses, and the media to set up an extensive anti-AIDS/pro-condom campaign. The program's results were impressive: Thailand’s rate of new HIV infections reportedly fell from 140,000 in 1992 to 30,000 in 2001. By contrast, South Africa’s government did not aggressively implement a multisectoral program until 2000 while the HIV/AIDS prevalence rate rose from 3.2% around 1995 to 19.94% around 1999. Since the inception of the multisectoral program, however, this trend has slowly been reversed and South Africa’s AIDS rate had fallen to 18.8% in 2005.4 There are other political determinants (besides a multisectoral program), as well as societal factors, and these potentially influence HIV/AIDS rates in developing countries. These variables will be thoroughly described in Chapter 4. One possible political determinant of HIV/AIDS would be: a country’s involvement in civil war, while examples of societal determinants would include the legalization of prostitution, the percentage of the population that is Muslim and, the percentage of the population that are males aged 15-30. In particular, the outbreak of civil wars can exacerbate the spread of HIV/AIDS, as forced sex and sex with irregular partners 4 Current HIV/AIDS prevalence rates from HIV INSITE. |
