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169
Chapter Four Endnotes
1 Kathleen Cleaver and George Katsiaficas, Liberation, Imagination and the
Black Panther Party (New York: Routledge, 2001) 123.
2 See for example, Elaine Brown Taste of Power: A Black Woman’s Story which
details many incidents of violence against women within the BPP.
3 Alprentice Carter, “In Honor of Mother’s Day” The Black Panther May 22,
1970. Carter was murdered along with John Huggins at the University of
California, Los Angeles on January 17, 1969 after an altercation at a Black
Student Union meeting involving members of Us Organization . Carter was a
founder of the Southern California chapter of the BPP. See Laura Pulido, Black,
Brown, Yellow and Left: Radical Activism in Los Angeles (Berkeley: University
of California Press, 2006); Bobby Seale, Seize the Time: The Story of the Black
Panther Party and Huey P. Newton (Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1997).
4 Don Williams, remarks made at “The Black Panther and Brown Beret
Movements: Connecting the Past to the Present,” University of Southern
California, February 20, 2007. Mr. Williams spoke of his involvement in the
Southern California chapter of the BPP and his remarks should be taken as his
recollection of his personal involvement, not necessarily as a reflection of the
BPP as a whole.
5 Cheryl Clark, “After Mecca”: Women Poets and the Black Arts Movement
(New Jersey: Rutgers University, 2005) 1.
6 There may be many reasons that women wrote poems for men. In a movement
that was, in part, an attempt to recapture a supposed loss of masculinity (an
emasculation purported to have resulted from slavery and matriarchy), both men
and women were perhaps attempting to reinscribe certain notions of patriarchal
power. However, as Sanchez demonstrates, it is also possible that women were
reacting against the male-centered poetry written by men. That is, some women
wrote poems that centered men however within the poems existed a critique of
male dominance. The men in many of these poems fall short – they fail to live
up to the promises of co-revolutionaries, co-creators of a new world order, and
co-producers of the next generation of black revolutionaries.
7 Sonia Sanchez, “black magic,” The Black Poets ed. Dudley Randall (New
York: Bantam, 1971) 233.
Object Description
| Title | "As shelters against the cold": women writers of the Black Arts and Chicano movements, 1965-1978 |
| Author | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Author email | uryder@usc.edu; uryder@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | American Studies & Ethnicity |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2008-08-27 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Restricted until 27 October 2010. |
| Date published | 2010-10-27 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | McKenna, Teresa |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Sanchez, George J. Johnson, Dana |
| Abstract | This dissertation examines the work of women writers in the Black Arts and Chicano movements during the years 1965-1978. I argue that understanding the intersectional nature of the women's experiences is crucial for understanding their literary output. Further, I argue that Chicanas and African American women of this era challenged homogenous notions of community and racial identity and that we can trace the development of the Third World feminism and multiculturalism that came to the fore in the 1980s to this earlier period. Thus, this study also impacts the way we conceptualize identity formation and the creation of the literary canon. Investigating the ways in which these women integrated nationalist and feminist rhetoric and activism in their work is crucial for a full understanding of this critical period in U.S. history. At stake is an understanding of how Chicana and African American women in the United States have formed identities and communities; struggled for liberation and equality; and become part of the U.S. literary canon. |
| Keyword | Black Power; Black Arts movement; Chicano movement; civil rights; racial identity formation; womanism; borderlands theory; feminism; Third World feminism; nationalism; intersectionality |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1965/1978 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1698 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Ryder-2415 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume40/etd-Ryder-2415.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 174 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 169 Chapter Four Endnotes 1 Kathleen Cleaver and George Katsiaficas, Liberation, Imagination and the Black Panther Party (New York: Routledge, 2001) 123. 2 See for example, Elaine Brown Taste of Power: A Black Woman’s Story which details many incidents of violence against women within the BPP. 3 Alprentice Carter, “In Honor of Mother’s Day” The Black Panther May 22, 1970. Carter was murdered along with John Huggins at the University of California, Los Angeles on January 17, 1969 after an altercation at a Black Student Union meeting involving members of Us Organization . Carter was a founder of the Southern California chapter of the BPP. See Laura Pulido, Black, Brown, Yellow and Left: Radical Activism in Los Angeles (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006); Bobby Seale, Seize the Time: The Story of the Black Panther Party and Huey P. Newton (Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1997). 4 Don Williams, remarks made at “The Black Panther and Brown Beret Movements: Connecting the Past to the Present,” University of Southern California, February 20, 2007. Mr. Williams spoke of his involvement in the Southern California chapter of the BPP and his remarks should be taken as his recollection of his personal involvement, not necessarily as a reflection of the BPP as a whole. 5 Cheryl Clark, “After Mecca”: Women Poets and the Black Arts Movement (New Jersey: Rutgers University, 2005) 1. 6 There may be many reasons that women wrote poems for men. In a movement that was, in part, an attempt to recapture a supposed loss of masculinity (an emasculation purported to have resulted from slavery and matriarchy), both men and women were perhaps attempting to reinscribe certain notions of patriarchal power. However, as Sanchez demonstrates, it is also possible that women were reacting against the male-centered poetry written by men. That is, some women wrote poems that centered men however within the poems existed a critique of male dominance. The men in many of these poems fall short – they fail to live up to the promises of co-revolutionaries, co-creators of a new world order, and co-producers of the next generation of black revolutionaries. 7 Sonia Sanchez, “black magic,” The Black Poets ed. Dudley Randall (New York: Bantam, 1971) 233. |
