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166
resurgence of African sovereignty and African control of Africa’s future.
She also invokes U.S. black vernacular speech by saying her design of the
pyramid was “tough” and that she is “bad.” Thus Giovanni signifies
solidarity with African American culture as well as African history and
liberation struggles.26 She continues, writing:
I sat on the throne
drinking nectar with allah
I got hot and sent an ice age to europe
to cool my thirst
My oldest daughter is nefertiti
the tears from my birth pains
created the nile
I am a beautiful woman
The female speaker is now divine, having drunk “nectar with allah”
and all-powerful, able to control the weather and create rivers. Further,
she is the mother of Nefertiti who was the mother-in-law of Pharaoh
Tutankhamun and some scholars believe she may have ruled Egypt
herself under an assumed name. She is also widely believed to have been
exceptionally beautiful. The beauty of the speaker derives then both from
her association with Nefertiti and her own divinity and power.
Nowhere in this poem does Giovanni elevate a male presence
above that of the black female speaker. Even as the speaker discusses her
Object Description
| Title | "As shelters against the cold": women writers of the Black Arts and Chicano movements, 1965-1978 |
| Author | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Author email | uryder@usc.edu; uryder@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | American Studies & Ethnicity |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2008-08-27 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Restricted until 27 October 2010. |
| Date published | 2010-10-27 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | McKenna, Teresa |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Sanchez, George J. Johnson, Dana |
| Abstract | This dissertation examines the work of women writers in the Black Arts and Chicano movements during the years 1965-1978. I argue that understanding the intersectional nature of the women's experiences is crucial for understanding their literary output. Further, I argue that Chicanas and African American women of this era challenged homogenous notions of community and racial identity and that we can trace the development of the Third World feminism and multiculturalism that came to the fore in the 1980s to this earlier period. Thus, this study also impacts the way we conceptualize identity formation and the creation of the literary canon. Investigating the ways in which these women integrated nationalist and feminist rhetoric and activism in their work is crucial for a full understanding of this critical period in U.S. history. At stake is an understanding of how Chicana and African American women in the United States have formed identities and communities; struggled for liberation and equality; and become part of the U.S. literary canon. |
| Keyword | Black Power; Black Arts movement; Chicano movement; civil rights; racial identity formation; womanism; borderlands theory; feminism; Third World feminism; nationalism; intersectionality |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1965/1978 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1698 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Ryder-2415 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume40/etd-Ryder-2415.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 171 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 166 resurgence of African sovereignty and African control of Africa’s future. She also invokes U.S. black vernacular speech by saying her design of the pyramid was “tough” and that she is “bad.” Thus Giovanni signifies solidarity with African American culture as well as African history and liberation struggles.26 She continues, writing: I sat on the throne drinking nectar with allah I got hot and sent an ice age to europe to cool my thirst My oldest daughter is nefertiti the tears from my birth pains created the nile I am a beautiful woman The female speaker is now divine, having drunk “nectar with allah” and all-powerful, able to control the weather and create rivers. Further, she is the mother of Nefertiti who was the mother-in-law of Pharaoh Tutankhamun and some scholars believe she may have ruled Egypt herself under an assumed name. She is also widely believed to have been exceptionally beautiful. The beauty of the speaker derives then both from her association with Nefertiti and her own divinity and power. Nowhere in this poem does Giovanni elevate a male presence above that of the black female speaker. Even as the speaker discusses her |
