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146
different kinds of oppressions, even among the most militant groups.
However, as the autobiographies of some of these women indicate, this
across-the-board fight for equality was uneven and for some women, their
experiences in the Black Power Movement were marked by gender
discrimination, even as they fought for racial and ethnic liberation.2
Alprentice “Bunchy” Carter published a poem in The Black
Panther that typifies the position of many men towards women in Black
Power movement.3 He immediately takes the stance of a male protector
of fragile womanhood, although he’s careful to place blame on a force
outside himself:
I must confess that I still breathe
Though you are not yet free . . .
Forgive my cowards heart . . .
For I have just awakened from a deep
deep, sleep
And I be hazed, and dazed, and scared
His love for black women (in this case black mothers) is emphasized by
his overwhelming sadness as he recounts the life black women are made
to endure:
BLACK MOTHER I curse you drudging
years the rapes, heart-breaks, sweat
Object Description
| Title | "As shelters against the cold": women writers of the Black Arts and Chicano movements, 1965-1978 |
| Author | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Author email | uryder@usc.edu; uryder@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | American Studies & Ethnicity |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2008-08-27 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Restricted until 27 October 2010. |
| Date published | 2010-10-27 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | McKenna, Teresa |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Sanchez, George J. Johnson, Dana |
| Abstract | This dissertation examines the work of women writers in the Black Arts and Chicano movements during the years 1965-1978. I argue that understanding the intersectional nature of the women's experiences is crucial for understanding their literary output. Further, I argue that Chicanas and African American women of this era challenged homogenous notions of community and racial identity and that we can trace the development of the Third World feminism and multiculturalism that came to the fore in the 1980s to this earlier period. Thus, this study also impacts the way we conceptualize identity formation and the creation of the literary canon. Investigating the ways in which these women integrated nationalist and feminist rhetoric and activism in their work is crucial for a full understanding of this critical period in U.S. history. At stake is an understanding of how Chicana and African American women in the United States have formed identities and communities; struggled for liberation and equality; and become part of the U.S. literary canon. |
| Keyword | Black Power; Black Arts movement; Chicano movement; civil rights; racial identity formation; womanism; borderlands theory; feminism; Third World feminism; nationalism; intersectionality |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1965/1978 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1698 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Ryder-2415 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume40/etd-Ryder-2415.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 151 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 146 different kinds of oppressions, even among the most militant groups. However, as the autobiographies of some of these women indicate, this across-the-board fight for equality was uneven and for some women, their experiences in the Black Power Movement were marked by gender discrimination, even as they fought for racial and ethnic liberation.2 Alprentice “Bunchy” Carter published a poem in The Black Panther that typifies the position of many men towards women in Black Power movement.3 He immediately takes the stance of a male protector of fragile womanhood, although he’s careful to place blame on a force outside himself: I must confess that I still breathe Though you are not yet free . . . Forgive my cowards heart . . . For I have just awakened from a deep deep, sleep And I be hazed, and dazed, and scared His love for black women (in this case black mothers) is emphasized by his overwhelming sadness as he recounts the life black women are made to endure: BLACK MOTHER I curse you drudging years the rapes, heart-breaks, sweat |
