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124
the BPP.31 Alongside the tales of community-building and government
violence, is an unvarnished exposé of the violence within the Party itself.
Not limited to abuse against women at the hands of men, the moments of
cruelty she relates are nonetheless harrowing. Some incidents are fairly
benign, such as having to wait to eat until the men were served because
(she and a friend were told), “ ‘our Brothers are our warriors. Our
warriors must be fed first, Sisters.’ ”32 Others, however, left her deeply
shaken. Although she is herself whipped, she seems far more disturbed by
the beating of Regina Davis who was Ericka Huggins’s assistant at the
Black Panther School. Regina was beaten so severely that she was
hospitalized and left with a broken jaw.33 The “reprimand,” sanctioned by
Huey Newton, was unsuccessfully challenged by Brown and Regina’s
beating became one more reason for her to eventually leave the Party.
Brown writes that she was not alone in this shift in perception of the BPP:
The women were feeling the change, I noted. The beating of
Regina would be taken as a clear signal that the words
“Panther” and “comrade” had taken on gender
connotations, denoting an inferiority in the female half of
us. Something awful was not only driving a dangerous
wedge between Sisters and Brothers, it was attacking the
very foundation of the party.34
One of the strategies employed by men in the Black Arts/Black
Power movement was to rhetorically place women in the position of
“Queen” or, more specifically, “African Queen.” Some women challenged
this positioning, contending that the rhetoric did nothing to stop the
Object Description
| Title | "As shelters against the cold": women writers of the Black Arts and Chicano movements, 1965-1978 |
| Author | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Author email | uryder@usc.edu; uryder@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | American Studies & Ethnicity |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2008-08-27 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Restricted until 27 October 2010. |
| Date published | 2010-10-27 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | McKenna, Teresa |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Sanchez, George J. Johnson, Dana |
| Abstract | This dissertation examines the work of women writers in the Black Arts and Chicano movements during the years 1965-1978. I argue that understanding the intersectional nature of the women's experiences is crucial for understanding their literary output. Further, I argue that Chicanas and African American women of this era challenged homogenous notions of community and racial identity and that we can trace the development of the Third World feminism and multiculturalism that came to the fore in the 1980s to this earlier period. Thus, this study also impacts the way we conceptualize identity formation and the creation of the literary canon. Investigating the ways in which these women integrated nationalist and feminist rhetoric and activism in their work is crucial for a full understanding of this critical period in U.S. history. At stake is an understanding of how Chicana and African American women in the United States have formed identities and communities; struggled for liberation and equality; and become part of the U.S. literary canon. |
| Keyword | Black Power; Black Arts movement; Chicano movement; civil rights; racial identity formation; womanism; borderlands theory; feminism; Third World feminism; nationalism; intersectionality |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1965/1978 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1698 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Ryder-2415 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume40/etd-Ryder-2415.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 129 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 124 the BPP.31 Alongside the tales of community-building and government violence, is an unvarnished exposé of the violence within the Party itself. Not limited to abuse against women at the hands of men, the moments of cruelty she relates are nonetheless harrowing. Some incidents are fairly benign, such as having to wait to eat until the men were served because (she and a friend were told), “ ‘our Brothers are our warriors. Our warriors must be fed first, Sisters.’ ”32 Others, however, left her deeply shaken. Although she is herself whipped, she seems far more disturbed by the beating of Regina Davis who was Ericka Huggins’s assistant at the Black Panther School. Regina was beaten so severely that she was hospitalized and left with a broken jaw.33 The “reprimand,” sanctioned by Huey Newton, was unsuccessfully challenged by Brown and Regina’s beating became one more reason for her to eventually leave the Party. Brown writes that she was not alone in this shift in perception of the BPP: The women were feeling the change, I noted. The beating of Regina would be taken as a clear signal that the words “Panther” and “comrade” had taken on gender connotations, denoting an inferiority in the female half of us. Something awful was not only driving a dangerous wedge between Sisters and Brothers, it was attacking the very foundation of the party.34 One of the strategies employed by men in the Black Arts/Black Power movement was to rhetorically place women in the position of “Queen” or, more specifically, “African Queen.” Some women challenged this positioning, contending that the rhetoric did nothing to stop the |
