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100
liberation and she attended her first demonstration against segregation at the
insistence of her grandmother. See http://nikki-giovanni.com/timeline.shtml.
40 Stephen J. Pitti, The Devil in Silicon Valley (Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 2003) 2.
41 Tomás Almaguer, Racial Faultlines: The Historical Origins of White
Supremacy in California (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994) 4.
42 Almaguer 13.
43 Neil Foley, The White Scourge: Mexicans, Blacks, and Poor Whites in Texas
Cotton Culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997) 22.
44 Foley 22.
45 In some ways, pre-1848 Mexico functions for Chicanos in much the same way
that “Africa” functions for blacks of this period. That is, the pre-1848 era (like
“Africa”) stands as a symbol of lost homeland and lost autonomy, with 1848
marking the dramatic beginning of Anglo-American domination of Mexican-origin
peoples. Of course, this is complicated by previous conquest by the
Spanish. Later analysis of Aztlán will further explore the issue of homeland/land
in Chicano Movement ideologies. Though in the case of Aztlán, the homeland is
not a distant place but a domestic homeland that is an occupied territory.
46 My focus on California is mainly due to the fact that California is one of the
few places that blacks and Chicanos worked and lived together in significant
numbers.
47 Foley 10. Foley explains that “thirds” and “fourths” referred to the rent paid to
the land owner (1/3 of the grain and 1/4 of the cotton produced). The rest could
be sold by the tenant farmer for a profit.
48 Foley 39.
49 Gilbert G. Gonzalez and Raul A. Fernandez, A Century of Chicano History:
Empire, Nations, and Migration (New York: Routledge, 2003) 133.
50 F. Arturo Rosales, Chicano! The History of the Mexican American Civil
Rights Movement (Houston: Arte Público, 1996) 118.
51 Rosales 118.
Object Description
| Title | "As shelters against the cold": women writers of the Black Arts and Chicano movements, 1965-1978 |
| Author | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Author email | uryder@usc.edu; uryder@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | American Studies & Ethnicity |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2008-08-27 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Restricted until 27 October 2010. |
| Date published | 2010-10-27 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | McKenna, Teresa |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Sanchez, George J. Johnson, Dana |
| Abstract | This dissertation examines the work of women writers in the Black Arts and Chicano movements during the years 1965-1978. I argue that understanding the intersectional nature of the women's experiences is crucial for understanding their literary output. Further, I argue that Chicanas and African American women of this era challenged homogenous notions of community and racial identity and that we can trace the development of the Third World feminism and multiculturalism that came to the fore in the 1980s to this earlier period. Thus, this study also impacts the way we conceptualize identity formation and the creation of the literary canon. Investigating the ways in which these women integrated nationalist and feminist rhetoric and activism in their work is crucial for a full understanding of this critical period in U.S. history. At stake is an understanding of how Chicana and African American women in the United States have formed identities and communities; struggled for liberation and equality; and become part of the U.S. literary canon. |
| Keyword | Black Power; Black Arts movement; Chicano movement; civil rights; racial identity formation; womanism; borderlands theory; feminism; Third World feminism; nationalism; intersectionality |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1965/1978 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1698 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Ryder-2415 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume40/etd-Ryder-2415.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 105 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 100 liberation and she attended her first demonstration against segregation at the insistence of her grandmother. See http://nikki-giovanni.com/timeline.shtml. 40 Stephen J. Pitti, The Devil in Silicon Valley (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003) 2. 41 Tomás Almaguer, Racial Faultlines: The Historical Origins of White Supremacy in California (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994) 4. 42 Almaguer 13. 43 Neil Foley, The White Scourge: Mexicans, Blacks, and Poor Whites in Texas Cotton Culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997) 22. 44 Foley 22. 45 In some ways, pre-1848 Mexico functions for Chicanos in much the same way that “Africa” functions for blacks of this period. That is, the pre-1848 era (like “Africa”) stands as a symbol of lost homeland and lost autonomy, with 1848 marking the dramatic beginning of Anglo-American domination of Mexican-origin peoples. Of course, this is complicated by previous conquest by the Spanish. Later analysis of Aztlán will further explore the issue of homeland/land in Chicano Movement ideologies. Though in the case of Aztlán, the homeland is not a distant place but a domestic homeland that is an occupied territory. 46 My focus on California is mainly due to the fact that California is one of the few places that blacks and Chicanos worked and lived together in significant numbers. 47 Foley 10. Foley explains that “thirds” and “fourths” referred to the rent paid to the land owner (1/3 of the grain and 1/4 of the cotton produced). The rest could be sold by the tenant farmer for a profit. 48 Foley 39. 49 Gilbert G. Gonzalez and Raul A. Fernandez, A Century of Chicano History: Empire, Nations, and Migration (New York: Routledge, 2003) 133. 50 F. Arturo Rosales, Chicano! The History of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement (Houston: Arte Público, 1996) 118. 51 Rosales 118. |
