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85
discrimination against people of Mexican descent. Instead, “race” is
compounded by what Singh has termed the “ideal national subject” and
by U.S. policies towards immigrants from places other than Western
Europe. As Ngai notes:
Particularly in the decades since World War II, migration to
the United States has been the product of specific economic,
colonial, political, military, and/or ideological ties between
the United States and other countries (Mexico, South Korea,
Cuba, the Philippines, El Salvador, to name a few) as well as
of war (Vietnam). Saskia Sassen reminds us that migration
is an “embedded,” “temporally and spatially bounded”
process that crosses these kinds of “bridges” between
sending and receiving nations. It is not, as conventional
thinking suggests, a unidirectional phenomenon, in which
the hapless poor of the world clamor at the gates of
putatively disinterested wealthier nations.62
This is certainly the case for people of Mexican descent in the United
States, who were at first made citizens through an act of war and have
ever since maintained ties to both sides of the U.S. – Mexico border.
Ian Haney Lopez suggests that understanding the role of “race” in
the Chicano Movement is critical and that an examination of African
American liberation struggles is useful in framing the Chicano Movement:
Current movement theorists posit that group identity exists
in a dialectical relationship with social activism, with
reconceptualizations of identity serving as spurs to
insurgency, and in turn, with mobilization contributing to
the development of new collective identities. . . the Mexican
community’s turn to race as a basis of group identity cannot
be understood except by reference to the African-American
struggle for social and political equality as an initiator
movement.63
Object Description
| Title | "As shelters against the cold": women writers of the Black Arts and Chicano movements, 1965-1978 |
| Author | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Author email | uryder@usc.edu; uryder@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | American Studies & Ethnicity |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2008-08-27 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Restricted until 27 October 2010. |
| Date published | 2010-10-27 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | McKenna, Teresa |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Sanchez, George J. Johnson, Dana |
| Abstract | This dissertation examines the work of women writers in the Black Arts and Chicano movements during the years 1965-1978. I argue that understanding the intersectional nature of the women's experiences is crucial for understanding their literary output. Further, I argue that Chicanas and African American women of this era challenged homogenous notions of community and racial identity and that we can trace the development of the Third World feminism and multiculturalism that came to the fore in the 1980s to this earlier period. Thus, this study also impacts the way we conceptualize identity formation and the creation of the literary canon. Investigating the ways in which these women integrated nationalist and feminist rhetoric and activism in their work is crucial for a full understanding of this critical period in U.S. history. At stake is an understanding of how Chicana and African American women in the United States have formed identities and communities; struggled for liberation and equality; and become part of the U.S. literary canon. |
| Keyword | Black Power; Black Arts movement; Chicano movement; civil rights; racial identity formation; womanism; borderlands theory; feminism; Third World feminism; nationalism; intersectionality |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1965/1978 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1698 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Ryder-2415 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume40/etd-Ryder-2415.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 90 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 85 discrimination against people of Mexican descent. Instead, “race” is compounded by what Singh has termed the “ideal national subject” and by U.S. policies towards immigrants from places other than Western Europe. As Ngai notes: Particularly in the decades since World War II, migration to the United States has been the product of specific economic, colonial, political, military, and/or ideological ties between the United States and other countries (Mexico, South Korea, Cuba, the Philippines, El Salvador, to name a few) as well as of war (Vietnam). Saskia Sassen reminds us that migration is an “embedded,” “temporally and spatially bounded” process that crosses these kinds of “bridges” between sending and receiving nations. It is not, as conventional thinking suggests, a unidirectional phenomenon, in which the hapless poor of the world clamor at the gates of putatively disinterested wealthier nations.62 This is certainly the case for people of Mexican descent in the United States, who were at first made citizens through an act of war and have ever since maintained ties to both sides of the U.S. – Mexico border. Ian Haney Lopez suggests that understanding the role of “race” in the Chicano Movement is critical and that an examination of African American liberation struggles is useful in framing the Chicano Movement: Current movement theorists posit that group identity exists in a dialectical relationship with social activism, with reconceptualizations of identity serving as spurs to insurgency, and in turn, with mobilization contributing to the development of new collective identities. . . the Mexican community’s turn to race as a basis of group identity cannot be understood except by reference to the African-American struggle for social and political equality as an initiator movement.63 |
