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82
Mexican Americans relationship to the state (i.e. the U.S. government and
society). While Mexican Americans may have been granted citizenship, it
seems as though there is always a lingering doubt as to the true patriotic
sympathies of Mexicans in the U.S.52 Such a connection between
Mexicans and Germany was used to break up Mexican workers’ strikes
and harass Mexican immigrants. Los Angeles became a site of particular
tension with the “Los Angeles County supervisors requesting federal help
to deport cholos likely to become public charges.” 53 As a result of actions
like this and other developments, many Mexicans left Los Angeles and
returned to Mexico. Acuña explains that on “May 18, 1917, Congress
passed draft laws; and Mexicans were reluctant to be conscripted into a
foreign army. The cost of living had increased in the United States, while
conditions had improved in Mexico. The Mexican government, fearing
the effects of the exodus of so many productive workers, campaigned to
entice them back. By the end of June, nearly 10,000 Mexicans had left for
Mexico.”54
As economic opportunities increase in the U.S., Mexicans again
crossed the border. This back and forth movement has characterized
much of Mexican immigration in the U.S. This movement has been
influenced by Mexican as well as U.S. state-sponsored programs such as
the 1917 exodus from Los Angeles mentioned above. A number of
deportations have occurred, such as after the stock market crash in 1929
Object Description
| Title | "As shelters against the cold": women writers of the Black Arts and Chicano movements, 1965-1978 |
| Author | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Author email | uryder@usc.edu; uryder@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | American Studies & Ethnicity |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2008-08-27 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Restricted until 27 October 2010. |
| Date published | 2010-10-27 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | McKenna, Teresa |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Sanchez, George J. Johnson, Dana |
| Abstract | This dissertation examines the work of women writers in the Black Arts and Chicano movements during the years 1965-1978. I argue that understanding the intersectional nature of the women's experiences is crucial for understanding their literary output. Further, I argue that Chicanas and African American women of this era challenged homogenous notions of community and racial identity and that we can trace the development of the Third World feminism and multiculturalism that came to the fore in the 1980s to this earlier period. Thus, this study also impacts the way we conceptualize identity formation and the creation of the literary canon. Investigating the ways in which these women integrated nationalist and feminist rhetoric and activism in their work is crucial for a full understanding of this critical period in U.S. history. At stake is an understanding of how Chicana and African American women in the United States have formed identities and communities; struggled for liberation and equality; and become part of the U.S. literary canon. |
| Keyword | Black Power; Black Arts movement; Chicano movement; civil rights; racial identity formation; womanism; borderlands theory; feminism; Third World feminism; nationalism; intersectionality |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1965/1978 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1698 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Ryder-2415 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume40/etd-Ryder-2415.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 87 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 82 Mexican Americans relationship to the state (i.e. the U.S. government and society). While Mexican Americans may have been granted citizenship, it seems as though there is always a lingering doubt as to the true patriotic sympathies of Mexicans in the U.S.52 Such a connection between Mexicans and Germany was used to break up Mexican workers’ strikes and harass Mexican immigrants. Los Angeles became a site of particular tension with the “Los Angeles County supervisors requesting federal help to deport cholos likely to become public charges.” 53 As a result of actions like this and other developments, many Mexicans left Los Angeles and returned to Mexico. Acuña explains that on “May 18, 1917, Congress passed draft laws; and Mexicans were reluctant to be conscripted into a foreign army. The cost of living had increased in the United States, while conditions had improved in Mexico. The Mexican government, fearing the effects of the exodus of so many productive workers, campaigned to entice them back. By the end of June, nearly 10,000 Mexicans had left for Mexico.”54 As economic opportunities increase in the U.S., Mexicans again crossed the border. This back and forth movement has characterized much of Mexican immigration in the U.S. This movement has been influenced by Mexican as well as U.S. state-sponsored programs such as the 1917 exodus from Los Angeles mentioned above. A number of deportations have occurred, such as after the stock market crash in 1929 |
