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75
We have seen some of the ways that African Americans have
experienced inclusion/exclusion in the U.S. social and political spheres.
People of Mexican descent have faced inclusion/exclusion in different but
related ways. Rather than removing or exterminating the native
population, the Anglos in the southwest devised a way to live with
Mexicans yet still maintain white supremacy. Many factors contributed to
the way Anglos and Mexicans interacted in the southwest: the relatively
few Anglos who entered the area prior to the middle of the nineteenth
century; the mestizo heritage of Mexican people which helped to
complicate the black / white binary prevalent in other parts of the U.S.;
the Spanish (and thus European) heritage of Mexicans; and the presence
of a wealthy, landowning ranchero class who relied on peon labor and was
capable of resisting domination by Anglos in some circumstances.
Furthermore, the system of Spanish racism operating in the southwest
was familiar to the Anglos in many respects – the wealthy tended to be
lighter skinned, the peons tended to be darker. A phenotypically-driven
racism was already part of the U.S. racial landscape. However, Mexican
racism was complicated by the ability of darker people to “whiten” as they
grew wealthy – a possibility foreclosed by the U.S. system of racial
oppression.
Stephen J. Pitti states that “[i]n the mid-nineteenth century it
became the Anglo American community’s fortune, born of force, to place
Object Description
| Title | "As shelters against the cold": women writers of the Black Arts and Chicano movements, 1965-1978 |
| Author | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Author email | uryder@usc.edu; uryder@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | American Studies & Ethnicity |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2008-08-27 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Restricted until 27 October 2010. |
| Date published | 2010-10-27 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | McKenna, Teresa |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Sanchez, George J. Johnson, Dana |
| Abstract | This dissertation examines the work of women writers in the Black Arts and Chicano movements during the years 1965-1978. I argue that understanding the intersectional nature of the women's experiences is crucial for understanding their literary output. Further, I argue that Chicanas and African American women of this era challenged homogenous notions of community and racial identity and that we can trace the development of the Third World feminism and multiculturalism that came to the fore in the 1980s to this earlier period. Thus, this study also impacts the way we conceptualize identity formation and the creation of the literary canon. Investigating the ways in which these women integrated nationalist and feminist rhetoric and activism in their work is crucial for a full understanding of this critical period in U.S. history. At stake is an understanding of how Chicana and African American women in the United States have formed identities and communities; struggled for liberation and equality; and become part of the U.S. literary canon. |
| Keyword | Black Power; Black Arts movement; Chicano movement; civil rights; racial identity formation; womanism; borderlands theory; feminism; Third World feminism; nationalism; intersectionality |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1965/1978 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1698 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Ryder-2415 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume40/etd-Ryder-2415.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 80 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 75 We have seen some of the ways that African Americans have experienced inclusion/exclusion in the U.S. social and political spheres. People of Mexican descent have faced inclusion/exclusion in different but related ways. Rather than removing or exterminating the native population, the Anglos in the southwest devised a way to live with Mexicans yet still maintain white supremacy. Many factors contributed to the way Anglos and Mexicans interacted in the southwest: the relatively few Anglos who entered the area prior to the middle of the nineteenth century; the mestizo heritage of Mexican people which helped to complicate the black / white binary prevalent in other parts of the U.S.; the Spanish (and thus European) heritage of Mexicans; and the presence of a wealthy, landowning ranchero class who relied on peon labor and was capable of resisting domination by Anglos in some circumstances. Furthermore, the system of Spanish racism operating in the southwest was familiar to the Anglos in many respects – the wealthy tended to be lighter skinned, the peons tended to be darker. A phenotypically-driven racism was already part of the U.S. racial landscape. However, Mexican racism was complicated by the ability of darker people to “whiten” as they grew wealthy – a possibility foreclosed by the U.S. system of racial oppression. Stephen J. Pitti states that “[i]n the mid-nineteenth century it became the Anglo American community’s fortune, born of force, to place |
