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64
hand, it united all blacks in an indictment of slavery as an institution and
of whites as perpetrators of a great crime. On the other hand, the
dichotomy also split the black community – pitting darker skinned blacks
against lighter-skinned blacks. Stereotypes were perpetuated, including
the idea that mixed-race blacks were not to be trusted and, in fact, were
not really “black.”24
Slavery was used in other ways as well. For Eldridge Cleaver
slavery was part and parcel of the history of blacks in America.
“Memories of the Boston Tea Party and the slave revolts sustained us in
our faith. That hard core beauty of the American dream was real, but
buried. We had to bring it up for air, to blow away the lies and the
bloodstained history that had hidden it.”25 Here again we hear echoes of
Du Bois as Cleaver invokes the American Dream, but one that includes
both the fighters of the American Revolution and participants in slave
revolts. Thus, any patriotic fervor or historical discussion must include
both sides of the double-ness – freedom and slavery were the legacy left
to blacks, and perhaps to all Americans.
That slavery should play such a prominent role should not be
surprising. As the defining epoch in black history, it has continued to
resonate through the generations.26 Ron Karenga, founder of cultural
nationalist Us Organization, has written extensively on African American
rhetorical strategies and notes that:
Object Description
| Title | "As shelters against the cold": women writers of the Black Arts and Chicano movements, 1965-1978 |
| Author | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Author email | uryder@usc.edu; uryder@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | American Studies & Ethnicity |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2008-08-27 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Restricted until 27 October 2010. |
| Date published | 2010-10-27 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | McKenna, Teresa |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Sanchez, George J. Johnson, Dana |
| Abstract | This dissertation examines the work of women writers in the Black Arts and Chicano movements during the years 1965-1978. I argue that understanding the intersectional nature of the women's experiences is crucial for understanding their literary output. Further, I argue that Chicanas and African American women of this era challenged homogenous notions of community and racial identity and that we can trace the development of the Third World feminism and multiculturalism that came to the fore in the 1980s to this earlier period. Thus, this study also impacts the way we conceptualize identity formation and the creation of the literary canon. Investigating the ways in which these women integrated nationalist and feminist rhetoric and activism in their work is crucial for a full understanding of this critical period in U.S. history. At stake is an understanding of how Chicana and African American women in the United States have formed identities and communities; struggled for liberation and equality; and become part of the U.S. literary canon. |
| Keyword | Black Power; Black Arts movement; Chicano movement; civil rights; racial identity formation; womanism; borderlands theory; feminism; Third World feminism; nationalism; intersectionality |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1965/1978 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1698 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Ryder-2415 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume40/etd-Ryder-2415.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 69 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 64 hand, it united all blacks in an indictment of slavery as an institution and of whites as perpetrators of a great crime. On the other hand, the dichotomy also split the black community – pitting darker skinned blacks against lighter-skinned blacks. Stereotypes were perpetuated, including the idea that mixed-race blacks were not to be trusted and, in fact, were not really “black.”24 Slavery was used in other ways as well. For Eldridge Cleaver slavery was part and parcel of the history of blacks in America. “Memories of the Boston Tea Party and the slave revolts sustained us in our faith. That hard core beauty of the American dream was real, but buried. We had to bring it up for air, to blow away the lies and the bloodstained history that had hidden it.”25 Here again we hear echoes of Du Bois as Cleaver invokes the American Dream, but one that includes both the fighters of the American Revolution and participants in slave revolts. Thus, any patriotic fervor or historical discussion must include both sides of the double-ness – freedom and slavery were the legacy left to blacks, and perhaps to all Americans. That slavery should play such a prominent role should not be surprising. As the defining epoch in black history, it has continued to resonate through the generations.26 Ron Karenga, founder of cultural nationalist Us Organization, has written extensively on African American rhetorical strategies and notes that: |
