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62
enacted to regulate the trade in black bodies, African Americans were part
of the polity. In regulating everything from how to count blacks for
purposes of state representation to prohibitions against slave literacy to
the Fugitive Slave Act, the United States government (federal, state and
local branches) included this non-citizen group in the national polity.
Indeed, creation of the black “Other,” with the simultaneous creation of
the white “norm,” both gave blacks an American identity and denied them
American citizenship.16
The modern civil rights movement stands as one of the most well-known
epochs of black struggle against exclusion and the negative
implications of being “Other” in United States society. Martin Luther
King’s famous rearticulation of Jefferson’s “all men are created equal”
credo has often been cited as a primary example of how African
Americans have reinterpreted the language of U. S. nationalism to include
those who have traditionally been excluded.17 Indeed, the civil rights
movement of the King era was instrumental in ending de jure segregation
in many areas of public life, particularly in the southern states. As the
struggle moved to northern urban areas, however, the rhetorical
strategies shifted.18 The marches, sit-ins and non-violent philosophy that
characterized much of the southern civil rights movement gave way to
other strategies that were (and are) characterized as more “militant.”19
Black Power rhetorical strategies drew on a number of sources in order to
Object Description
| Title | "As shelters against the cold": women writers of the Black Arts and Chicano movements, 1965-1978 |
| Author | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Author email | uryder@usc.edu; uryder@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | American Studies & Ethnicity |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2008-08-27 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Restricted until 27 October 2010. |
| Date published | 2010-10-27 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | McKenna, Teresa |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Sanchez, George J. Johnson, Dana |
| Abstract | This dissertation examines the work of women writers in the Black Arts and Chicano movements during the years 1965-1978. I argue that understanding the intersectional nature of the women's experiences is crucial for understanding their literary output. Further, I argue that Chicanas and African American women of this era challenged homogenous notions of community and racial identity and that we can trace the development of the Third World feminism and multiculturalism that came to the fore in the 1980s to this earlier period. Thus, this study also impacts the way we conceptualize identity formation and the creation of the literary canon. Investigating the ways in which these women integrated nationalist and feminist rhetoric and activism in their work is crucial for a full understanding of this critical period in U.S. history. At stake is an understanding of how Chicana and African American women in the United States have formed identities and communities; struggled for liberation and equality; and become part of the U.S. literary canon. |
| Keyword | Black Power; Black Arts movement; Chicano movement; civil rights; racial identity formation; womanism; borderlands theory; feminism; Third World feminism; nationalism; intersectionality |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1965/1978 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1698 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Ryder-2415 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume40/etd-Ryder-2415.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 67 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 62 enacted to regulate the trade in black bodies, African Americans were part of the polity. In regulating everything from how to count blacks for purposes of state representation to prohibitions against slave literacy to the Fugitive Slave Act, the United States government (federal, state and local branches) included this non-citizen group in the national polity. Indeed, creation of the black “Other,” with the simultaneous creation of the white “norm,” both gave blacks an American identity and denied them American citizenship.16 The modern civil rights movement stands as one of the most well-known epochs of black struggle against exclusion and the negative implications of being “Other” in United States society. Martin Luther King’s famous rearticulation of Jefferson’s “all men are created equal” credo has often been cited as a primary example of how African Americans have reinterpreted the language of U. S. nationalism to include those who have traditionally been excluded.17 Indeed, the civil rights movement of the King era was instrumental in ending de jure segregation in many areas of public life, particularly in the southern states. As the struggle moved to northern urban areas, however, the rhetorical strategies shifted.18 The marches, sit-ins and non-violent philosophy that characterized much of the southern civil rights movement gave way to other strategies that were (and are) characterized as more “militant.”19 Black Power rhetorical strategies drew on a number of sources in order to |
