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42
the Brown Berets (like the Panthers) adopted the “8 Points of Attention”
that originally appeared as Mao Zedong’s “Eight Rules” in 1928. The
Brown Berets’s “8 Points of Attention” differed slightly from the ones
used by the Black Panthers. The Brown Berets articulated the points as
follows:
1. Speak politely to the people
2. Pay fairly for what you buy from the people
3. Return everything you borrow
4. Pay for anything you damage
5. Do not hit or swear at the people
6. Do not damage property or possessions of people
7. Do not take liberties with women
8. When working with the people do not get loaded76
The most glaring difference is point eight. In the Black Panther version it
reads: “If we ever have to take captives do not ill-treat them,” while the
Brown Beret version states: “When working with the people do not get
loaded.” I’m not sure why this change was made. Certainly, the Black
Panthers did not advocate getting drunk or high while doing community
activism.77 It is possible that the Black Panthers thought they could deal
any such behavior without including the admonishment in its “8 Points”
while the treatment of possible captives was an unknown and thus must
be set down in writing. Curiously, the Brown Berets did not seem to see
Object Description
| Title | "As shelters against the cold": women writers of the Black Arts and Chicano movements, 1965-1978 |
| Author | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Author email | uryder@usc.edu; uryder@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | American Studies & Ethnicity |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2008-08-27 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Restricted until 27 October 2010. |
| Date published | 2010-10-27 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | McKenna, Teresa |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Sanchez, George J. Johnson, Dana |
| Abstract | This dissertation examines the work of women writers in the Black Arts and Chicano movements during the years 1965-1978. I argue that understanding the intersectional nature of the women's experiences is crucial for understanding their literary output. Further, I argue that Chicanas and African American women of this era challenged homogenous notions of community and racial identity and that we can trace the development of the Third World feminism and multiculturalism that came to the fore in the 1980s to this earlier period. Thus, this study also impacts the way we conceptualize identity formation and the creation of the literary canon. Investigating the ways in which these women integrated nationalist and feminist rhetoric and activism in their work is crucial for a full understanding of this critical period in U.S. history. At stake is an understanding of how Chicana and African American women in the United States have formed identities and communities; struggled for liberation and equality; and become part of the U.S. literary canon. |
| Keyword | Black Power; Black Arts movement; Chicano movement; civil rights; racial identity formation; womanism; borderlands theory; feminism; Third World feminism; nationalism; intersectionality |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1965/1978 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1698 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Ryder-2415 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume40/etd-Ryder-2415.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 47 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 42 the Brown Berets (like the Panthers) adopted the “8 Points of Attention” that originally appeared as Mao Zedong’s “Eight Rules” in 1928. The Brown Berets’s “8 Points of Attention” differed slightly from the ones used by the Black Panthers. The Brown Berets articulated the points as follows: 1. Speak politely to the people 2. Pay fairly for what you buy from the people 3. Return everything you borrow 4. Pay for anything you damage 5. Do not hit or swear at the people 6. Do not damage property or possessions of people 7. Do not take liberties with women 8. When working with the people do not get loaded76 The most glaring difference is point eight. In the Black Panther version it reads: “If we ever have to take captives do not ill-treat them,” while the Brown Beret version states: “When working with the people do not get loaded.” I’m not sure why this change was made. Certainly, the Black Panthers did not advocate getting drunk or high while doing community activism.77 It is possible that the Black Panthers thought they could deal any such behavior without including the admonishment in its “8 Points” while the treatment of possible captives was an unknown and thus must be set down in writing. Curiously, the Brown Berets did not seem to see |
