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37
throughout Chicano communities in Los Angeles and other cities. Taking
their cue from East L. A. students in cities as far away as Phoenix, Denver
and Abilene also walked out of their schools. The Brown Berets, present
at the East L.A. walkouts as a security force, were targeted by the police,
some of the members were arrested and the organization itself was
infiltrated by undercover police officers.66 Although the East L.A.
Blowouts (as they would come to be called) remain a pivotal moment in
the Chicano Movement, it is crucial to understand the antecedents to this
moment as well as the lasting repercussions of the students’ action.
Much of the history of people of Mexican descent in the United
States has been characterized by struggle for inclusion in the American
body politic, which had supposedly been granted with the 1848 ceding of
Mexican lands to the United States. Granted citizenship after the Treaty
of Guadalupe Hidalgo as white persons, people of Mexican descent
quickly found themselves treated as anything but “white” in the United
States.67 Dispossessed of lands grated to them after the Treaty,
marginalized as a labor force, shut out of many unions and facing
segregation in housing and education as well as lacking substantial
political power, Mexican Americans had for over a century fought for
equality in the United States.68 By the 1960s, Mexican American activism
had become Chicano activism, signally a shift somewhat similar to the
shift that occurred between the Civil Rights and Black Power movements.
Object Description
| Title | "As shelters against the cold": women writers of the Black Arts and Chicano movements, 1965-1978 |
| Author | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Author email | uryder@usc.edu; uryder@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | American Studies & Ethnicity |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2008-08-27 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Restricted until 27 October 2010. |
| Date published | 2010-10-27 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | McKenna, Teresa |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Sanchez, George J. Johnson, Dana |
| Abstract | This dissertation examines the work of women writers in the Black Arts and Chicano movements during the years 1965-1978. I argue that understanding the intersectional nature of the women's experiences is crucial for understanding their literary output. Further, I argue that Chicanas and African American women of this era challenged homogenous notions of community and racial identity and that we can trace the development of the Third World feminism and multiculturalism that came to the fore in the 1980s to this earlier period. Thus, this study also impacts the way we conceptualize identity formation and the creation of the literary canon. Investigating the ways in which these women integrated nationalist and feminist rhetoric and activism in their work is crucial for a full understanding of this critical period in U.S. history. At stake is an understanding of how Chicana and African American women in the United States have formed identities and communities; struggled for liberation and equality; and become part of the U.S. literary canon. |
| Keyword | Black Power; Black Arts movement; Chicano movement; civil rights; racial identity formation; womanism; borderlands theory; feminism; Third World feminism; nationalism; intersectionality |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1965/1978 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1698 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Ryder-2415 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume40/etd-Ryder-2415.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 42 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 37 throughout Chicano communities in Los Angeles and other cities. Taking their cue from East L. A. students in cities as far away as Phoenix, Denver and Abilene also walked out of their schools. The Brown Berets, present at the East L.A. walkouts as a security force, were targeted by the police, some of the members were arrested and the organization itself was infiltrated by undercover police officers.66 Although the East L.A. Blowouts (as they would come to be called) remain a pivotal moment in the Chicano Movement, it is crucial to understand the antecedents to this moment as well as the lasting repercussions of the students’ action. Much of the history of people of Mexican descent in the United States has been characterized by struggle for inclusion in the American body politic, which had supposedly been granted with the 1848 ceding of Mexican lands to the United States. Granted citizenship after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo as white persons, people of Mexican descent quickly found themselves treated as anything but “white” in the United States.67 Dispossessed of lands grated to them after the Treaty, marginalized as a labor force, shut out of many unions and facing segregation in housing and education as well as lacking substantial political power, Mexican Americans had for over a century fought for equality in the United States.68 By the 1960s, Mexican American activism had become Chicano activism, signally a shift somewhat similar to the shift that occurred between the Civil Rights and Black Power movements. |
