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36
between civil rights (SCLC, NAACP, NUL) and Black Power – represented
by SNCC, BPP, Us Organization and many others that would come and go
over the next decade.
Mexican American to Chicano
On March 1, 1968 high school students in East Los Angeles walked
out of their classrooms in protest over poor school conditions. The
demands included bilingual education, more Chicano/a teachers and a
curriculum that reflected their Mexican heritage.63 Sal Castro, a teacher
at Belmont High School, had long encouraged Chicano students to agitate
for their rights and to participate in student government.64 Although
Chicano/as made up the majority of the student body at several East Los
Angeles high schools, the faced issues ranging from openly racist teachers,
high drop-out rates, overcrowded classrooms and dilapidated facilities.
They also wanted their history to be an integral part of the curriculum and
an increase in the number of Chicano/a teachers and administrators.65
To protest these conditions, 10,000 Chicano students walked out of their
high schools in March, 1968. The police swiftly came down on the
students, beating and arresting many of them. Sal Castro was among
those arrested. After years of appeals, the charges were found to be
unconstitutional. The East L.A. walkouts had deep repercussions
Object Description
| Title | "As shelters against the cold": women writers of the Black Arts and Chicano movements, 1965-1978 |
| Author | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Author email | uryder@usc.edu; uryder@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | American Studies & Ethnicity |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2008-08-27 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Restricted until 27 October 2010. |
| Date published | 2010-10-27 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | McKenna, Teresa |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Sanchez, George J. Johnson, Dana |
| Abstract | This dissertation examines the work of women writers in the Black Arts and Chicano movements during the years 1965-1978. I argue that understanding the intersectional nature of the women's experiences is crucial for understanding their literary output. Further, I argue that Chicanas and African American women of this era challenged homogenous notions of community and racial identity and that we can trace the development of the Third World feminism and multiculturalism that came to the fore in the 1980s to this earlier period. Thus, this study also impacts the way we conceptualize identity formation and the creation of the literary canon. Investigating the ways in which these women integrated nationalist and feminist rhetoric and activism in their work is crucial for a full understanding of this critical period in U.S. history. At stake is an understanding of how Chicana and African American women in the United States have formed identities and communities; struggled for liberation and equality; and become part of the U.S. literary canon. |
| Keyword | Black Power; Black Arts movement; Chicano movement; civil rights; racial identity formation; womanism; borderlands theory; feminism; Third World feminism; nationalism; intersectionality |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1965/1978 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1698 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Ryder-2415 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume40/etd-Ryder-2415.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 41 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 36 between civil rights (SCLC, NAACP, NUL) and Black Power – represented by SNCC, BPP, Us Organization and many others that would come and go over the next decade. Mexican American to Chicano On March 1, 1968 high school students in East Los Angeles walked out of their classrooms in protest over poor school conditions. The demands included bilingual education, more Chicano/a teachers and a curriculum that reflected their Mexican heritage.63 Sal Castro, a teacher at Belmont High School, had long encouraged Chicano students to agitate for their rights and to participate in student government.64 Although Chicano/as made up the majority of the student body at several East Los Angeles high schools, the faced issues ranging from openly racist teachers, high drop-out rates, overcrowded classrooms and dilapidated facilities. They also wanted their history to be an integral part of the curriculum and an increase in the number of Chicano/a teachers and administrators.65 To protest these conditions, 10,000 Chicano students walked out of their high schools in March, 1968. The police swiftly came down on the students, beating and arresting many of them. Sal Castro was among those arrested. After years of appeals, the charges were found to be unconstitutional. The East L.A. walkouts had deep repercussions |
