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31
restructuring of U.S. society. The result is a preoccupation with the
demands of the BPP rather than an examination of the internal dynamics
that impacted relationships between male and female members.
Why SNCC, why Black Power?
Stokely Carmichael, leader of SNCC, forged connections to the
fledgling Black Panther Party and tried to help broker a truce between the
rival Oakland and San Francisco chapters.47 Ties between SNCC and the
Black Panther Party (BPP) appear particularly strong. As Jeffrey O. G.
Ogbar notes, “[i]n some instances, SNCC chapters simply became
affiliated with the Black Panther Party, and members were eventually
absorbed, after a formal process.”48 Further, Stokely Carmichael claimed
that the Black Panther Party started in Oakland by Huey Newton and
Bobby Seale was directly influenced by the Lowndes County (Alabama)
Freedom Organization in which Carmichael was intimately involved and
which used a black panther as its symbol.49 According to Carmichael,
Mark Comfort from California asked if he could take the Black Panther
idea to California and start a group there. At this point, several groups
claimed the name, resulting in fighting which Carmichael then tried to
resolve. This proved to be an impossible task. In addition to ideological
differences, many of the California activists were former gang members
Object Description
| Title | "As shelters against the cold": women writers of the Black Arts and Chicano movements, 1965-1978 |
| Author | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Author email | uryder@usc.edu; uryder@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | American Studies & Ethnicity |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2008-08-27 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Restricted until 27 October 2010. |
| Date published | 2010-10-27 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | McKenna, Teresa |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Sanchez, George J. Johnson, Dana |
| Abstract | This dissertation examines the work of women writers in the Black Arts and Chicano movements during the years 1965-1978. I argue that understanding the intersectional nature of the women's experiences is crucial for understanding their literary output. Further, I argue that Chicanas and African American women of this era challenged homogenous notions of community and racial identity and that we can trace the development of the Third World feminism and multiculturalism that came to the fore in the 1980s to this earlier period. Thus, this study also impacts the way we conceptualize identity formation and the creation of the literary canon. Investigating the ways in which these women integrated nationalist and feminist rhetoric and activism in their work is crucial for a full understanding of this critical period in U.S. history. At stake is an understanding of how Chicana and African American women in the United States have formed identities and communities; struggled for liberation and equality; and become part of the U.S. literary canon. |
| Keyword | Black Power; Black Arts movement; Chicano movement; civil rights; racial identity formation; womanism; borderlands theory; feminism; Third World feminism; nationalism; intersectionality |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Coverage date | 1965/1978 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1698 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Ryder, Ulli Kira |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Ryder-2415 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume40/etd-Ryder-2415.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 36 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 31 restructuring of U.S. society. The result is a preoccupation with the demands of the BPP rather than an examination of the internal dynamics that impacted relationships between male and female members. Why SNCC, why Black Power? Stokely Carmichael, leader of SNCC, forged connections to the fledgling Black Panther Party and tried to help broker a truce between the rival Oakland and San Francisco chapters.47 Ties between SNCC and the Black Panther Party (BPP) appear particularly strong. As Jeffrey O. G. Ogbar notes, “[i]n some instances, SNCC chapters simply became affiliated with the Black Panther Party, and members were eventually absorbed, after a formal process.”48 Further, Stokely Carmichael claimed that the Black Panther Party started in Oakland by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale was directly influenced by the Lowndes County (Alabama) Freedom Organization in which Carmichael was intimately involved and which used a black panther as its symbol.49 According to Carmichael, Mark Comfort from California asked if he could take the Black Panther idea to California and start a group there. At this point, several groups claimed the name, resulting in fighting which Carmichael then tried to resolve. This proved to be an impossible task. In addition to ideological differences, many of the California activists were former gang members |
