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155
Appendix A
Child Questionnaire
1. How do you travel to/from school?
(check as many boxes as apply in both columns)
To School From School
Walk □ □
Bike □ □
School Bus □ □
Car □ □
Car share (traveling with your friends or other
children in the same car)
□ □
2. How often do you walk to/from school?
(check one box in both columns)
To School From School
Most days □ □
At least twice a week □ □
Once a week □ □
Never □ □
3. How often do you bike to/from school?
(check one box in both columns)
To School From School
Most days □ □
At least twice a week □ □
Once a week □ □
Never □ □
4. When you walk or bike to/from school, who do you walk
or bike with most of the time? (check one box in both
columns)
To School From School
Your parent □ □
Other adults (parents of your friends) □ □
Your sister or brother □ □
Your friend □ □
On your own □ □
I never walk or bike to/from school □ □
5. What do you have to do when you travel to/from school? (check as many boxes as
apply)
Cross a road with a heavy traffic □ Cross a road where there is no
crosswalk □
Cross a road where there is a crossing
guard □ Cross a road where there is no stop
sign or signal □
Cross many driveways □ Cross a road where cars are moving
fast □
Walk/bike through an underpass □ Walk/bike through an alley □
Walk/ bike in the road because there is no
sidewalk/bicycle path □ Walk/bike through a parking lot or a
vacant lot □
Other:__________________________________________________________
Object Description
| Title | Walkability as 'freedom': the ecology of school journey in inner city Los Angeles neighborhoods |
| Author | Uhm, Jung A |
| Author email | uhm@usc.edu; j_uhm@hotmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | planning |
| School | School of Policy, Planning, and Development |
| Date defended/completed | 2008-06-05 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2008-10-17 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Banerjee, Tridib |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Irazabal, Clara Stoner, Madeleine |
| Abstract | Over the past two decades, rising concerns over childhood obesity and its health effects have brought the issue of "walkability" to the forefront in creating a child friendly environment. Particularly, the idea of promoting children walking to and from school has gained widespread support among policy makers, public health officials, civic organizations, and planners as a way to increase physical activity among children to prevent obesity. Recent policies and programs however are based on an assumption about the direct influence of the built environment on school travel mode, of which parents' values and perceptions are considered prominent in determining environmental attributes related to children walking to school.; This research proposes a conceptual framework in understanding the relationship between the environment and children's travel by adding a crucial link generally missing in current walkability research - children. By proposing the notion of walkability as freedom, this study attempts to draw attentions to children's choices and real opportunities and factors that either facilitate or prohibit children in or from actualizing what they value (walking to school as one of many). With this goal, this research explored the elements of a walkable environment through the eyes of ethnic minority children attending five elementary schools in inner city Los Angeles.; Through the triangulation of capability approach, child-centered participatory methods, and ecological perspectives, the findings demonstrate children's capacity not only to observe and understand the environment, but also to evaluate and reflect on making their neighborhood environment safer and walkable on their own terms.; This research suggests a shift in policy focus from the provision and improvement of environmental resources to the enhancement of individual freedom by increasing children's participatory capability. The results of this study advance the discussion on the relationship between active school travel and the environment by bringing children into the foreground within the spheres of ecological transaction. |
| Keyword | capability; children; inner-city neighborhood; perception; school travel; walkability |
| Geographic subject | educational facilities: Foshay Learning Center; educational facilities: Norwood Street Elementary School; educational facilities: St. Agnes Parish School; educational facilities: Vermont Avenue Elementary School; educational facilities: Lenicia B. Weemes Elementary School |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Los Angeles |
| Geographic subject (state) | California |
| Coverage date | circa 2008 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1671 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Uhm, Jung A |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Uhm-2224 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume29/etd-Uhm-2224.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 165 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 155 Appendix A Child Questionnaire 1. How do you travel to/from school? (check as many boxes as apply in both columns) To School From School Walk □ □ Bike □ □ School Bus □ □ Car □ □ Car share (traveling with your friends or other children in the same car) □ □ 2. How often do you walk to/from school? (check one box in both columns) To School From School Most days □ □ At least twice a week □ □ Once a week □ □ Never □ □ 3. How often do you bike to/from school? (check one box in both columns) To School From School Most days □ □ At least twice a week □ □ Once a week □ □ Never □ □ 4. When you walk or bike to/from school, who do you walk or bike with most of the time? (check one box in both columns) To School From School Your parent □ □ Other adults (parents of your friends) □ □ Your sister or brother □ □ Your friend □ □ On your own □ □ I never walk or bike to/from school □ □ 5. What do you have to do when you travel to/from school? (check as many boxes as apply) Cross a road with a heavy traffic □ Cross a road where there is no crosswalk □ Cross a road where there is a crossing guard □ Cross a road where there is no stop sign or signal □ Cross many driveways □ Cross a road where cars are moving fast □ Walk/bike through an underpass □ Walk/bike through an alley □ Walk/ bike in the road because there is no sidewalk/bicycle path □ Walk/bike through a parking lot or a vacant lot □ Other:__________________________________________________________ |
