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75
wanted to be active (43%) than to be passive travelers (41%). Overall, it was found
that a child’s preferred school travel mode was significantly related to how he or she
currently traveled to and from school. Traveling on foot or by bike to school was
more preferred by children who currently used active mode (45.7%) than those who
were driven for this trip (18.5%), X2 (1, N=90) =23.54, p<.01. This trend was also
observed for the trip from school (60.1 % vs. 23.1%), X2 (1, N=84) =10.81, p<.01.
Table 5.11 Children’s Preferred School Travel Mode by Their Current
School Travel Mode (in percentage)
Current mode
Active Motorized Total
Pref. mode T F T F T F
Active 45.7 60.9 18.5 23.1 33.0 43.0
Motorized 17.4 26.1 75.4 44.6 57.0 41.0
Both/missing 13.0 17.5 6.2 12.3 10.0 16.0
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
T= to school, F= from school
It partially confirms that on the one hand, children who are normally driven may
develop more ‘car-centered’ lifestyle than those who actively commute to or from
school. On the other hand, a sizable proportion of children were not content with
how they currently traveled to or from school. For example, nearly 19% of the
children who were driven to school and 23% of those driven from school expressed
desires to walk or bike instead of being driven.
Household characteristics
Table 5.12 lists demographic and socio-economic characteristics that were
found significantly related to a child’s school travel mode from chi square tests.
Object Description
| Title | Walkability as 'freedom': the ecology of school journey in inner city Los Angeles neighborhoods |
| Author | Uhm, Jung A |
| Author email | uhm@usc.edu; j_uhm@hotmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | planning |
| School | School of Policy, Planning, and Development |
| Date defended/completed | 2008-06-05 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2008-10-17 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Banerjee, Tridib |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Irazabal, Clara Stoner, Madeleine |
| Abstract | Over the past two decades, rising concerns over childhood obesity and its health effects have brought the issue of "walkability" to the forefront in creating a child friendly environment. Particularly, the idea of promoting children walking to and from school has gained widespread support among policy makers, public health officials, civic organizations, and planners as a way to increase physical activity among children to prevent obesity. Recent policies and programs however are based on an assumption about the direct influence of the built environment on school travel mode, of which parents' values and perceptions are considered prominent in determining environmental attributes related to children walking to school.; This research proposes a conceptual framework in understanding the relationship between the environment and children's travel by adding a crucial link generally missing in current walkability research - children. By proposing the notion of walkability as freedom, this study attempts to draw attentions to children's choices and real opportunities and factors that either facilitate or prohibit children in or from actualizing what they value (walking to school as one of many). With this goal, this research explored the elements of a walkable environment through the eyes of ethnic minority children attending five elementary schools in inner city Los Angeles.; Through the triangulation of capability approach, child-centered participatory methods, and ecological perspectives, the findings demonstrate children's capacity not only to observe and understand the environment, but also to evaluate and reflect on making their neighborhood environment safer and walkable on their own terms.; This research suggests a shift in policy focus from the provision and improvement of environmental resources to the enhancement of individual freedom by increasing children's participatory capability. The results of this study advance the discussion on the relationship between active school travel and the environment by bringing children into the foreground within the spheres of ecological transaction. |
| Keyword | capability; children; inner-city neighborhood; perception; school travel; walkability |
| Geographic subject | educational facilities: Foshay Learning Center; educational facilities: Norwood Street Elementary School; educational facilities: St. Agnes Parish School; educational facilities: Vermont Avenue Elementary School; educational facilities: Lenicia B. Weemes Elementary School |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Los Angeles |
| Geographic subject (state) | California |
| Coverage date | circa 2008 |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1671 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Uhm, Jung A |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Uhm-2224 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume29/etd-Uhm-2224.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 85 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 75 wanted to be active (43%) than to be passive travelers (41%). Overall, it was found that a child’s preferred school travel mode was significantly related to how he or she currently traveled to and from school. Traveling on foot or by bike to school was more preferred by children who currently used active mode (45.7%) than those who were driven for this trip (18.5%), X2 (1, N=90) =23.54, p<.01. This trend was also observed for the trip from school (60.1 % vs. 23.1%), X2 (1, N=84) =10.81, p<.01. Table 5.11 Children’s Preferred School Travel Mode by Their Current School Travel Mode (in percentage) Current mode Active Motorized Total Pref. mode T F T F T F Active 45.7 60.9 18.5 23.1 33.0 43.0 Motorized 17.4 26.1 75.4 44.6 57.0 41.0 Both/missing 13.0 17.5 6.2 12.3 10.0 16.0 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 T= to school, F= from school It partially confirms that on the one hand, children who are normally driven may develop more ‘car-centered’ lifestyle than those who actively commute to or from school. On the other hand, a sizable proportion of children were not content with how they currently traveled to or from school. For example, nearly 19% of the children who were driven to school and 23% of those driven from school expressed desires to walk or bike instead of being driven. Household characteristics Table 5.12 lists demographic and socio-economic characteristics that were found significantly related to a child’s school travel mode from chi square tests. |
