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Chapter 4 Endnotes
1. The Oxford English Dictionary online entry for “tribalism” defines it as follows:
“a. The condition of existing as a separate tribe or tribes; tribal system, organization, or relations. 1886 Edin. Rev. Apr. 443 No national life, much less civilisation, was possible under the system of Celtic tribalism. 1893 GOLDW. SMITH Ess. 176 National churches have lapsed into something very like tribalism in this respect [about war]. 1898 Weekly Reg. 29 Oct. 561 Those who have set the maxims of Christ above those of narrow tribalism.
b. Loyalty to a particular tribe or group of which one is a member.
1955 Times 30 Aug. 9/7 If a stable parliamentary democracy is to be introduced one stable political party, avoiding if possible the extremes of tribalism and anti-tribalism, would seem necessary. 1969 Busara (Nairobi) II. II. 56 According to Reinhold Niebuhr, ‘the chief source of man's inhumanity to man seems to be the tribal limits of his sense of obligation to the other man’. In tribalism Niebuhr includes race, language, religion, class and culture as important traits. 1976 Drum (E. Afr. ed.) Apr. 3/1 Tribalism? Isn't it true that in some firms about 75 per cent of the employees come from one tribedepending, of course, on which tribe the bosses come from. 1978 Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Dec. 1390/5 His call for a fusion or integration of cultures is one that commits him to the course of liberal tolerance, and sets him against closed systems of thought such as Marxism and tribalism.
2. Ernest Gellner, in his landmark work, Nationalism (1989) affirms that it is the sense of loyalty and what is owed to another of the same shared culture that constitutes nationalism, not the fact of having a shared culture itself. Connor makes a similar point when he emphasizes the subjective factor in national identity.
3. Until the defeat in the Franco-Prussian war, French national identity was primarily Republican. Although the Third Republic was still a republic, Gallic ancestry became the source of historiography in the hands of Fustel De Coulanges, Ernest Renan and other conservative thinkers. (Hartog, F. Le Dix-neuvième siècle et l’histoire.)
4. The English historian E.P. Thompson, in a new approach to historiography, has undertaken seminal work in this area. Whigs and Hunters: The Origin of the Black Act, his best known work, provides a detailed analysis of the rise of English capitalism.
5. The Register, an online UK newspaper, in an article “Freedom of Information or inciting racial hatred?” dated October 2004 reports:
“An administrative court in Germany has upheld a ban on access to Nazi content targeted at German ISPs based in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The court
Object Description
| Title | Negotiating pluralism and tribalism in liberal democratic societies |
| Author | Sadagopan, Shoba |
| Author email | sadagopa@usc.edu; shobasadagopan@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Philosophy |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2008-08-22 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2008-10-15 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Lloyd, Sharon |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Dreher, John Keating, Gregory |
| Abstract | My aim in this dissertation is to enquire whether toleration as a practice is achievable. It is prior to the question of how it can be grounded as a virtue. I argue that in liberal democratic societies where there are struggles for recognition on the part of ethnocultural groups, it is possible to negotiate pluralism and tribalism in a way that a stable pluralist society can be maintained. My core thesis rests on a theory of interdependence based both on a theory of human nature and on the material fact of globalization. Insofar as we affirm our nature as human beings engaged in productive activity with other human beings, insofar as we value a world that facilitates that activity, toleration is desirable. It is achievable because with globalization there is a tendency towards homogenization that erodes cultural differences. There is less reason for conflict because what we have in common, our interdependence, goes far deeper than culture. A further sufficient condition may be found in well thought-out policies that are executed through education and dialogue. |
| Keyword | toleration; value pluralism; liberalism; cultural homogenization; globalization; common citizenship |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1658 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Sadagopan, Shoba |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Sadagopan-2395 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume26/etd-Sadagopan-2395.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 128 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 125 Chapter 4 Endnotes 1. The Oxford English Dictionary online entry for “tribalism” defines it as follows: “a. The condition of existing as a separate tribe or tribes; tribal system, organization, or relations. 1886 Edin. Rev. Apr. 443 No national life, much less civilisation, was possible under the system of Celtic tribalism. 1893 GOLDW. SMITH Ess. 176 National churches have lapsed into something very like tribalism in this respect [about war]. 1898 Weekly Reg. 29 Oct. 561 Those who have set the maxims of Christ above those of narrow tribalism. b. Loyalty to a particular tribe or group of which one is a member. 1955 Times 30 Aug. 9/7 If a stable parliamentary democracy is to be introduced one stable political party, avoiding if possible the extremes of tribalism and anti-tribalism, would seem necessary. 1969 Busara (Nairobi) II. II. 56 According to Reinhold Niebuhr, ‘the chief source of man's inhumanity to man seems to be the tribal limits of his sense of obligation to the other man’. In tribalism Niebuhr includes race, language, religion, class and culture as important traits. 1976 Drum (E. Afr. ed.) Apr. 3/1 Tribalism? Isn't it true that in some firms about 75 per cent of the employees come from one tribedepending, of course, on which tribe the bosses come from. 1978 Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Dec. 1390/5 His call for a fusion or integration of cultures is one that commits him to the course of liberal tolerance, and sets him against closed systems of thought such as Marxism and tribalism. 2. Ernest Gellner, in his landmark work, Nationalism (1989) affirms that it is the sense of loyalty and what is owed to another of the same shared culture that constitutes nationalism, not the fact of having a shared culture itself. Connor makes a similar point when he emphasizes the subjective factor in national identity. 3. Until the defeat in the Franco-Prussian war, French national identity was primarily Republican. Although the Third Republic was still a republic, Gallic ancestry became the source of historiography in the hands of Fustel De Coulanges, Ernest Renan and other conservative thinkers. (Hartog, F. Le Dix-neuvième siècle et l’histoire.) 4. The English historian E.P. Thompson, in a new approach to historiography, has undertaken seminal work in this area. Whigs and Hunters: The Origin of the Black Act, his best known work, provides a detailed analysis of the rise of English capitalism. 5. The Register, an online UK newspaper, in an article “Freedom of Information or inciting racial hatred?” dated October 2004 reports: “An administrative court in Germany has upheld a ban on access to Nazi content targeted at German ISPs based in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The court |
