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13
of transposable elements (Montgomery and Fire 1998; Cogoni and Macino 1999;
Ketting, Haverkamp et al. 1999; Tabara, Sarkissian et al. 1999; Zambon, Vakharia et al.
2006).
After dsRNA is introduced into the cell, the long strand of dsRNA is processed into 21-
25 nucleotide long sequences called small interfering RNA (siRNA) by the protein
complex Dicer (Hamilton and Baulcombe 1999; Zamore, Tuschl et al. 2000; Bernstein,
Caudy et al. 2001; Ketting, Fischer et al. 2001). The resulting siRNA is further
incorporated into an RNA-protein complex called RNA-induced silencing complex
(RISC) (Hammond, Bernstein et al. 2000). Along with siRNA, RISC recognizes the
complementary mRNA of the siRNA and targets it for destruction (Martinez,
Patkaniowska et al. 2002).
Because this targeted degradation has such a high sequence specificity, RNAi has
rapidly become the preferred tool for knocking down genes when performing functional
studies in both molecular biology labs and in a clinical research environment. Genome-wide
screening with RNAi in Drosophila cells and adults performed by many
independent research groups provide us a very efficient and useful method to investigate
various gene functions with high throughput (Wheeler, Bailey et al. 2004; Dorner, Lum
et al. 2006; Flockhart, Booker et al. 2006; Mathey-Prevot and Perrimon 2006; Derre,
Pypaert et al. 2007; Dietzl, Chen et al. 2007; Moffat, Reiling et al. 2007; Perrimon,
Friedman et al. 2007; Ramadan, Flockhart et al. 2007).
Object Description
| Title | Characterization of Drosophila longevity and fecundity regulating genes |
| Author | Li, Yishi |
| Author email | yishili@usc.edu; yishili@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Molecular & Computational Biology |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2008-08-19 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2008-10-31 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Tower, John |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Finkel, Steven E. Aparicio, Oscar Martin Longo, Valter D Comai, Lucio |
| Abstract | The regulation of Drosophila melanogaster longevity and fecundity involves many factors. Longevity is governed by oxidative stress, stem cell loss, dietary restriction, the insulin/IGF-1 pathway, and other factors. Fecundity is also regulated by multiple tissues and factors, including the germline stem cells and stem cell niche, the fat body, yolk proteins, and sex peptides. The fecundity of wild type female Drosophila gradually declines during aging, suggesting a common pathway regulating longevity and fecundity machinery. Since both mechanisms involve multiple factors, sorting through the Gordian’s knot is a formidable task. Using a PdL mutagenesis approach, I screened for a specific phenotype in thousands of independent mutant strains to examine both regulatory networks simultaneously. Two novel genes, magu and hebe, were identified and characterized to regulate longevity and fecundity. While Drosophila lifespan was extended upon the induction of these genes, fecundity increase requires that the gene induction be in an ideal range to show the expected phenotypic change. I also performed several other projects, including studying the lifespan extension effect of dIAP2, characterization of a Drosophila gut driver strain, and intra-abdominal RNAi injection in adult Drosophila. These projects provided us insight on longevity, fecundity, anti-apoptosis, stem cell biology, RNAi and other aspects of Drosophila research. In sum, Drosophila melanogaster, as a model organism for molecular biology and genetics study, will continue to contribute to the scientific community. |
| Keyword | Drosophila; longevity; fecundity |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1735 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Li, Yishi |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Li-2382 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume44/etd-Li-2382.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 23 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | 13 of transposable elements (Montgomery and Fire 1998; Cogoni and Macino 1999; Ketting, Haverkamp et al. 1999; Tabara, Sarkissian et al. 1999; Zambon, Vakharia et al. 2006). After dsRNA is introduced into the cell, the long strand of dsRNA is processed into 21- 25 nucleotide long sequences called small interfering RNA (siRNA) by the protein complex Dicer (Hamilton and Baulcombe 1999; Zamore, Tuschl et al. 2000; Bernstein, Caudy et al. 2001; Ketting, Fischer et al. 2001). The resulting siRNA is further incorporated into an RNA-protein complex called RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) (Hammond, Bernstein et al. 2000). Along with siRNA, RISC recognizes the complementary mRNA of the siRNA and targets it for destruction (Martinez, Patkaniowska et al. 2002). Because this targeted degradation has such a high sequence specificity, RNAi has rapidly become the preferred tool for knocking down genes when performing functional studies in both molecular biology labs and in a clinical research environment. Genome-wide screening with RNAi in Drosophila cells and adults performed by many independent research groups provide us a very efficient and useful method to investigate various gene functions with high throughput (Wheeler, Bailey et al. 2004; Dorner, Lum et al. 2006; Flockhart, Booker et al. 2006; Mathey-Prevot and Perrimon 2006; Derre, Pypaert et al. 2007; Dietzl, Chen et al. 2007; Moffat, Reiling et al. 2007; Perrimon, Friedman et al. 2007; Ramadan, Flockhart et al. 2007). |
