Lieut. Dekby.—"John Phoenix'' baB got tobe i
captain. Among the promotion* made by tbe Pre
sident, since the adjournment qJ the Senate, wi
find thefollowing: ■■ Flint Lieutenant George H
Derby, to be Captain, 1st Jaly, I860, be bavin*.
served fourteen yaara Oontinuoaa service* as Lien
tenant.
Copper ore has .been discovered near Whisky
Diggings, in Sierra counly.
i*4KSS
ROVIDE FOB PAVING CF,J1-
pro'viHl Ajrni .i.i. ■-■
The I'oopto of Liu-.S
B l-'iHiik'n I'i.i.il. lor that purpose ; ap
ite of California, represented In Sen
ate aud As
embly, do enact as follows *
Section* 1. For the
purpose oi liquidating, funding am
Ifaying the olruiiiH  it
fttnst   tlo;   State ol   i..;i! Vrrruiri.    here
inj.1 l.i'.v .specified, t!u
rreaflur'w of State shall cause ^ in
prepared suitable bo
ids of the State of Califomig   nol
■exceed tlie sum of I
Interest at thu rate
the date of tlmir i-n.
'*.   ;VV;r v.*           tllS Office ni'   ! ir.. r-v V
st day of -July, ono thounand eiglit
A. L. EDWARDS & CO.,
Ni™ stock Ab oh-Siob
G-ROCE MIES,
At 81 Clay Street,
Above Front Qgfa  Franciaco.
A L. EBWABDS & AO. bave art opened a fine
il.. assortment ol (Jhuice Family Groceries, winch they offer at tbe lowest rates.
Floub—Superior brands of domestic.
Corn MEAL—Freeh, in 10,25, and 50-lb. saefes.
ikjiJKivm*:.vi."Mi.!Af,—ll*j:ui;iv, coarse mul liue ; Com
Starch.
CotTHK—Old Government and Green Java, aud
* Ric
hundred and eighty
BlwU be duo ami payable at t
State affixed thereto.
Sm;. :}. Coupons, Cor tlie interest, i
eacb bond sp that they may be remov
mutilation to tlio bond. Said oou]
nambared, shall be Big ued in* the Trea
Sue. 3. It shall b« thu duly of tbo
trolU'r of stato, each, to keep a eep
Audi bonds n-   mav be l.-rviv.l. '.-inm-in
Rupei
Teas—Su pei
and SO lb fc
Candies—Cheu
ItjAdUDM
s! SriiAii—Cni.ilu'i
f CHBE*jb— I latl fi
^PlOKLKB—Engli
i„  Yeast Po
•or I and (
fresh Gr
lol, Spei
eo and Black,
ai, Wax, arid  bl
Pi
. iri
KOHIjI-R'S
rffihi piano
MUSIC WARER00MS,
Sansome Street,  San Francisco,
Extending from Clay to Commercial St.,
SECONDFLOOU.
Retail Stores, ITS W';isUio.-viU.o Street, and. 279
Stockton Street.
CV-AXsTAX'EX votoivin-: tiu- l.ivl LYuiudi. Kn^li^i, Cer-
J   nv.'.n  ami Ameeierui   P.! r^Ui*.*-*-.,   aio!   sollijir;*   tliom at
rices i'ru- below those of auy otber Music Score 111 Cali
"porcelain ware,
fancy goods, and toys.
ggfiPBgjg
i ita,
fs nd jars.
■ Merrill's, Ho
for this
and I
Sec 5. AH pertsohs
the State of CalU'onii:
ter specified shall, up.
the Treasurer of Sta
bond or bonds of the
the Hist Motion  of ii
flllm3
io Mill,
.1 French,
nl Cocoa, Broms
rnllonjare.
A. L. EDWARDS & CO.,
a 81 Way Btreet, San Franciec
-it costs nothing.
»vr*r
"    NOtj
_ _   A-U   -H Ho in   IS,
May Concern.
U. B. SufcVBYOfc GpJNBEAL'a OFFICE, 1
I860. J
an Act of
San Francisco, Aug
ice with the let see
improved June Uth,
rivate Land GJafros.
IBY GIVE.
Pi
I860, regulating
lluif; the Plats
aims, surreved
an Act entitled
!i   i    M
'■■
'A
iyyrfasiiu-.Mjj^^.
i*j      '.'|Air!f       ll
I les
Secretary of State.
SEO. 6. For  the  payment
priud-pril ami hii.rosl. of tin
there ih.*Ul   lit: levied annua
ndo
State ; and tl
apart and apj
terest on the
tion of the ii
State of Calil
heroin pi**.vH
ami Ilic Inter
shall be a
rioted thii
by u tine n
VOLDN.F.R'S
AROMATIC
SCHKIDAJH
SCHNAPPS.
O   Ann CASKS VOLDNEIl'3 CELEBli.
rC9K)\)\J    TED   SCHNAPPS, ex Pol^nes
-ind late arrivals,    ^or sale by
S. C. SHAW. Sole Agent,
Nn. lag Front meet.
VOLDNER'S SCHNAPPS,—Wbile-.be coanti
-[i-:
DR. AUOLPI1CS'
r:v:::A::rvr,rrjAv:: v/rviv. --h
AND   HEALTH   RESTORATIVE.
-Joaquin Carrillo, et al.
newspaper, p
and lor one n
English, at tl
OontrolW, a
bonds hr-niftl
HtiltO  tllQ Ml)
pose of redon
proposals, at
deem tlio gre.
however. In of
not be offered
hmftvvuda1
lifted in this otli
eeks, from the l
JAMES W. MANDETILLF,
U. S. Surveyor Gen-ra
"WHAT CHEER" HOUSE.
Nos. 51.7, IIS, lift    121, ami 122   Sacramento St.—Nos. 85. 87. 89   _,__,, _.
Leidsdorff street, SAN .FRANCISCO. urt H
rr,:,lIr)rc!uMi[:K.Miv
■lid all other.H who winh sii[jeri(
Large aiJditi.oaH have rscontly beu
,ud favorably known throoghoot th
Oiiiinoilatioii ofall c1;i.nsos of patron ■
Ureat Reductions havo b«>n recent
AlargeFiRF-PROOF SiicE
Superior BatJiiin,' Accomniodationt
n..I LUJUAKV I
ms-Aa OMNIBUS, wich the name <
o convey passengers and their haggs
a always secure them ;u (ll(,
ace of -Entertainment **.
1= and well adapted ^ t&
oofaLartreREADlNCHooii
u tho arrival of the Steamy
KOARD, (perweetj....
(POT day)	
LODGING, (por v. t-cV)..
Ocl-yl
NO liaJTVNEKS  EMPLOYED.
 85,00
    1.00
!, ii. & 4,00
.nstrsjTo.v: rr 1 una n-r i-kE-
■ R. H. WOODWARD. Proprietor.
TURNERS'
EXTKA RASPBERRY SYRUP.
Manufactured fiom pure, juice of Raspberries, and ia equal
One at New York:
One at Buffalo, New York ;
And tlie 3il at San Francisco, Cal.,
Built specially for  our business, in the most complete
R. L RAIMOND,
COMMISSION MERCHANT
rSo. 105 Front street,
elletween Washington anil Merchant ,t,cct, I
SAN li'RANOISCO,
ivill  give  particular   attention  to tlio
Purcliase and Shipment,
as woll as lo tiro
H.M.W.  OP   MERCHAMMSE  AVO   PKOm'M
11   ElWoV'I0X|D ^7i__be!??8'a?"i'l>^lnto
"•■•   '•'"    -i   *    ■       '*  I.V!., rni.l linvin.. bom a...
TXJstiirEi el's
FOREST WINE BSTTER8,
T2ie (3_.*e^tcst IliriiioiSy  or ilie Age
FOR THE CURE OF '
dyspepsia, Liver Complaiiit,
Weakness ofthe StoznacSi,
TURNEU. BRO'S,
Corner Front and Broadway Sts.
SAN FKANCrSCO.    &p28m6
ticuln
in tliis Act
any party
General,'.
tUM
n. Join
. 9. It sim
interest on   suit
aal<l Interest Pa
■sufficient, then
Fund ; provided
ofs
-i warrant a
id Trc
about to become d
be drawn at least e
of tho interest.
Seo. 10. It sliall
troller, wliile sail! 1
tlie same to be ref:
to prevent them  fr
Seo. ll. The folio
aro entitled to be r.
First—Civil brni I
log Acts pa-soi ir*. :
and ii fly.one. tin- ii
sand rE:\f}f,■'■'■■.'■:
standln* and
shall ttotautl
the vegiislrati
■  requir
Lott,
on t
:s on th
iHnviii,
LOTTMiiESI
Wood, Sddy & Go's
OLD AjYD RELIABLE
Delaware & Georgia LOTTEEIES
OO.HIJII.YA TWjY, and other
or SLYGLE jYUMBEH plan
SPLENDID  SCHEMES,
VriTH CAPITAL PRIZES OL*
$70,000 !!!   -   -   $50,000 !!!
Aiaal numevoua others, or aaialka- denominations
»*ill ba drawn at " '
Aiigtista, Ga., anii Wjlmington.Del.
Uaiiaa raia aa|jaaitiLandaaaa of sworn commissioners
Cvai.   WEUKiaaLrAi- aiul raA*!l.!R)lAY aj* oa.-.h weak! '
'JMse Bul;! ■»-:___ Sisjlu ILsitj-rrief;:
ONE GliAKD   SCllir.ril.r aaa   Manlli    with   ^;10!) 000
0APITAL PRIZE.
Tie  aM»«_.   Halve,, rjn.rlar,,  .and EigMlaa In
Tb'ie Saaisrle JVuB_.b«|. Lotteries
rVreh
vTorlht
f Orel
Bnt tl
rn c
on a
ath
va)
of C
Wast
ill be
ulifc
ing
ib!e
rs  of
rnia,a
onTei
to giv
-iie  Sot
aw!U
'i tories
entires
USt
tb
fe
lesa ior
rn and
ilh l!iat
Isa.nfi.
"lilCtiOE
sstobis
0 par*
ies
vb
) may
ea
rufct tl
eir bus
ne
jylfi
T17JIWEKS'   GINGER   "WINE.
Due   JlIalHow   GsilUists,   iaa   Bnrrels
anti Cases, Sold Annually,
MARK THESE FACTS.
TheTestimony cf the whole World
'E
*i>§v
HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT.
. H. R. BIYL.KS, Agent for Loi
to <
■sel t
■approve-1 .l.inuarr thi
hundred b.e 1 _ ' *-,,
cially Briljudged illegal
presaly Bxcluded from
this Act.
Third—Just or legal
prior to January first,
fifty-seven, nnd which
uvon claims not herein
deemed :. misdo'ivuioi
vided iiisociion'siv \v
■voia.
Sm. 12. Tho claims ?pecir,edi,
ed toy taaAiag, and bonds thereft
in or may be allowed an*
I rvi reoeira-ble, it __ha.ii bl
Khali Ke punished an pro
, aud sucli bond sliall bi
thia iot may l,e reoeh-
■■ may be iaaQed prior t<
asaad fight bundred mu
»d adcUiim.snot present
inbu
I    C'Xrjli.ii.l.j!\  [*!■(,
id such blank bonis pVe
iis 4ot as sbiU.l ilir.rii i*.'.*,,;
. tfae presence of the Gort
hand Bhftll be ine
Controllyr and Tr. ..,„
Sbo. 13, Tins Aol Khali 1.
Janimry, A. 11. oue tfaouss
one. as to all its provisions
neeessary for its siiUn.issioi*
i«S, cnnvas-ini. and jii-m-'r.i.
lake eir.-c! immediately
th^t^t-rrhi.S,^-;t   ^,llb"   «"''"ilt.-.l   totho pennie
tion. to he  holden  on the  Tueslaj   u^t   nlVr-   the   "
.   one thousand  eight   hundred n
ified electors of the Btate shall
k? effect on the first da'
a eight hundred and gjj
xcept those relai in - to '■.
to thepe iple snd for ret a
Jiing the v-lcs, which ..\
LADD, WEBSTER & CO.'S
FIRST CLASS-FIRST PREMIUM
TIGHT     LOCK    STITCH
FAMILY AND MANUFACTURING
SEWING MACHINES
p[1 *'-;J v* ' i. . , ■-. ..„,.»ii.
Mondny  i
First Premiums Awarded at the
State Fairs of 1858 and 1859
and at the Mechanics' Institute, San Francisco.
% THURNAUER   &  ZIN1T
^1     impobteBs and manufacturers
—0 V-
aml   tb-
said el
orasainst this Act* ~t\\r-AA.-",EE.(.,fE. l'l'"*:'*'!"v v«e
or  havf   priul    li        :■    i   * ",-"'  ■*m*a«*1" ':r-
Debt ;" iw--. ,*., .^ .,',.     ..'., ■'l],f'.'-A.'"'.lf']'Af'l'''y. '
Debt."       tl  °° ™lota  the ivordi   ^*Repudiate 1
counCtedr,;J'iC ! StM rU0t ^W^tth,s Act shall
:,..'■■  '°-;i'i:e;l;ui(l onnvassed iiiiil,J,:d-,r.i in v... ....
E''\,l ''    *:'i:,v*.n ijoct   to iln- r-nnu;   rules ;\-  -,-.,!'■,   ... AE
Ol .11 th. ,„t„  »,,„ir„,„,   ,,.,,;„.,   Uli, , »'. J™1
rof thia   Act.   Ui
,  Willow  Ware.  Toys,
Jj Ladies'  Work-Stands,
Children's Carriages,
Hobby Horses, &c. &e.
T5-;        .....roitnia   a\et,   rlia
rr1"..'.'":,'"."'-'--"'   ■■■"•■■■ • rt, :.:■::: ■
a paid and   dischar-ed.   -md Liie (■,,„.
-   r-oclamutioii   thtrocf; ],,LS _r n   in..:-..-,-,. ' ,-
the  votes  so cast  are an«.ln.«  evE  ."*-*._
Khali besoms
SBC.  16,  It shall   be th
to have this A
dicial Dittrlot
for three
be h'ddi
of t*
the State
Sacramento, August 4. 1860
and Clay,
created shall  1
•shall  make  proclamation thereof; but if *
jet  are against  this' Act,  then"*
•^AriSuS :'"■ v^" ' ! the S6creter7 of State
«■ monlk   ,,.-|   aaa.a.l.aail.a   ,. ,.„,... ,, ,.,       .
Printermil"e ^  th* "^ all°"'^  ^ laV to
il Se'ariel
-ell rubbins
eHlngs,P_trolysla nnd Stiff Joints,
"i'l'l-ordfl-Ol*   fioLM
' all respeclablir  1
fiiiout   ihe civilize
THE LOS ANGELES STAR,
a*r-Wr rrararaara^..
SPEECH   OF
SENATOR    GWIN,
DKLIYEHKD
•a -wi-.vi:\vy,\i\
Ms. Pbbsibbst AHD -
sua year ago I ad'lte
place, near the close ol i
toHtests that ever occur
Union. I then espi
BbenI'd ever appear bef.
er. 1 intended that cat
ever make. 1 knev. tl
man would either be io
tilinStntct tjT.en&Bti
h'oiii tiib tHitfiib ftervii.
fed i
ist 1 would
.s a public
.emned by
o't" the qjiuiou thai iid slate of eventstcould so
etniHge that veklict of ihe people in my favor,
as to again require liie to appear before them
pbeted tlie jiidil
by the re.HuM. of
tliea
cli ara
1.1 ut 1
■h„,   .,
lions that d
i Ie
, di!-
ieha
ofthe
open negoihiliniis wif.li.h^ian, China and liussia
relative to the establishment of this :■ great
line of ocean steamers. I desired that each
government should contribute towards giving a
large subsidy to ensure the use of large ships
that could transport a number of passengers
aa -well as a large amount of freight. But
for the reasons stated in regard to the explorations of the Amoor Hiver not having pro-
greyed ho fur as to Eivv a, s-*:-"- -■*■-
ry i
.est mif
i the
lhe
e people of this Htatc—of ail
Confederacy 1 propose to
present a brief history of the Legislation of Congress during the last seHsion, so far as I am personally concerned therein. I had been fiercely
assailed, and my Senatorial com so so thoroughly scrutinized in this State before the election of
last year as to have rendered it impossible for
me to have escaped condemnation, had it met
*wiih tne disapprobation of the people. The result of that contest and that election ivas entirely satisfactory to me, aod 1 do not intend to
re-open tho issues then cloned by the popular
verdict.    .
The opening of the last session of Congress
presented the most extraordinary scene that has
ever been witnessed under thia government.
Tlie country was in a wild state of excitement,
owing to the attempt then recently made by
John Brown to excite insurrection among the
slaves in Virginia. In the midst of that excitement Congress convened. Members who had
been on social terms for years met each other
as strangers. It seemed as if the leaders of two
hostile armies wen; silting in a war council,
ready at any outbreak to engage in personal
combat—even in that, tiie great Council Chamber of the nation. For two mouths the House of
Representatives was unorganized. Baring that
entire period the Republican party endeavored
to force upon the majority of tho members of
the House, the election as Speaker of John
Sherman—who was so justly odious for his endorsement $f Helper's treasonable work.—
This delay of two months was utterly destructive to any woll matured and im'efnl legislation for the session. The Senate during that
whole period was idle so far as legislation was
euueerned. We could not pass a bill, for there
was no orgaiii/.ecl House of Kcpresentatives to
send it to. "And, fellow citizens, the Republican
party in the House could have organized that
body during the lirst week of thc session by the
election of Mr. Pennington, who was finally
chosen at the expiration of the two months*—
just as easily 'as thev brought about that result,
by his election when it was accomplished.
So, instead of commencing legislation on
the first Monday of December, we commenced on the first Monday in February. Another
great clog in the wav of legislation for the new
States, hss been the exliansied state oftlie National Treasury, it lias been, in fact, bankrupt,
not able to meet the currentdemands occasioned
by former appropriations, without creating loans
or tlie issue of Treasury notes, lhave been during
the three last sessions of Congress a member of
the Finance and Post Office Committees of tlie
Senate. The latter Committee had duties to perform during the last session of vital consequence
to the people of California, as well as of tbe
whole Union. 'There was not one great question
alone before that Committee—to mature and
pass which through Congress would have been
fame enough for any member, from any State,
during any one session—but there were many
questions, each of vast consequence, and all of
pressing necessity.
1 may- name as one of the first the Interoceania
Telegraph, desiirneil lo connect the Atlantic and
Pacilic Oceans." This measure had engrossed
my attention for years. I had been in communication with the Rnaaiati Minister at Washington to ascertain whether the Rmisi initio vera ment,
" eould and would establish a line of Telegraph
through Asia to the Pacific ocean, so as to meet
a similar liue through the .Territories of the
United States ; to be connected by running up
the Pacilic Coasts of Asia and America to Behr-
ing's Straits, and thus forming instantaneous
communication round the word. Tlie Rusman
Covernment had responded favorably. 1
was a-surcd by the Russian Minister that
steps were being taken which would complete a
telegraph line dowu the Amooi
our go'
empt to pass it was;  i
on as
as s
ent could have a similar line built
to San Fraucisco.   Immediate legislation on the
part of our government, therefore, became indispensable-
Another measure of vital consequence was the
establishment of a conipleto system of inland
eonimuuieation between the Atlantic and Pacific
Coasts ; also, between us and our sister State of
Oregon and the Territory of Washington, by
which the ocean lines from New York and New
Orleans to San Fraucisco,. and from San
Francisco to Puget Sound, might be dispensed
with.
Last, though not least, w
of a line of steamships bet*
and tlie month of the
and Chii
i thc establish meu
een San Fraucisci
■Vmooi' River via Japat
this latter measure T had also
been in^commuoication for years with the Russian Embassy at, Washington. Russia is a living
progressive nation.   Like ours, her government.
)ssmg"rapidly to the control ofthe great
interests commercial" and political, embraced on
tbe North Pacilic Coasts of America and Asia ;
and wliile we can  anticipate little, if any, aid
from theclfete governments of -Japan and China,
if we can only'enlist liussia in this great enterprise ofa line of steamships between thcAmen-
ean and the Asiatic Coast ot the Pacilic, I may
safely   say   that   the   object  is accomplished.
Years   ago,   I    had    frequently    passed   bills
through   tho    Senate   to   establish   a  line   of
steamships    between      San     Franciseo   (and
Shanghai ;   but   they    always   failed   in   the
house.   I now determined to change the Asiatic
terminus  ofthe  route Shanghai to the mouth
Df the Amour  River.    In my_ intercourse with
ihe Russian Minister, I ascertained tiuil. the navi
gallon to the  mouth  of the Amoor  River was
closed by ice for seven months in the year; but
thu-t the Russian l-iovernnient had discovered at
a point where  tlie  Amoor turned to the Nortli,
that another   river -ctiimected with-it, running
into a lake within 80 or  40 miles  of the ocean,
where there was aline harbor onen to navigation at all seasons  of the  year;  and that they
were exploring this river and this lake to ascertain whether they were  navigable.   If it was
ascertained that thev were, then Russia would
connect this harbor "on the Pacific with the lake
by a railroad, and tlnn; make the communication
with the   Amoor River  perfect throughout the
entire year.   This exploration is now going on
and   will have   sufficiently progressed by  the
commencement of the next session of Congress
■ to enable us to legislate intelligibly on the subject.    I also had interviews with  the Japanese
'i'lmbaM'.ulor.; wi,en tliey were in Washington, fo
ascertain   whether  the  Japanese   Government
would  not   join with   the  United   States  ami
Russia   in   this   great  enterprise.   While they
could not speak ror their government, having
no authority, vet ihey wove  greatly in favor of
it and expressed the belief that thc Emperor of
Japan would not only  facilitate  such au enterprise by opening his "harbors; ior tlie use of the
mail   sieamships   thus employed, but also by
building docks for tlieir repair, and by furnishing coal   at  H or  at farthest  $6 per   ton.—
It was  my  purpose   to   have   reported a bill
Committal
ibjeot until thc next
session. 1 need not say to you or to a California
audience, of what vital consequence it, is to the
people of this State—the establishment of thia
great line of steamships between San Francisco
and the Amoor River, by the way of China and
Japan. Upon onr intercourse with these
regions of the earth hinges our greatness as a
people. No country on earth, surpasses California in capacity for agricultural products.
Our great market must be with the nations of Asia. We-.cannot compete with the
great valley of the Mississippi in the markets of
I'iurope ana of tlie Atlantic States. We must
look to tlie hundreds of Millions of people who
inhabit China and Japan ; .and to the hosts
Russia will soon have planted in her possessions
on the Amoor River, for a market for our surplus
products which will give us control of thc commerce and the exchanges of Sthe world. If we
now bad steamships of from three to five
thousand tons burthen, nnder a government
contract, leaving San Francisco semi-monthly,
and conveying away 2000 or 3000 tons of our
surplus bread Stuffs each trip, how soon our
glutted market would be depleted so that you
could obtain fair prices for as much of tliose
products as are needed for home consumption. As I have stated, these four great
measures, tho Interoceanic Telegraph, the
Overland Mail, tho daily mail from Sacramento
to Portland*, and mail enmmumeat.ion between
San Francisco and Asia, were necessarily placed
in my charge as a mom iter of the Committee ou
Post Office and Post Roads, of the Senate.
ATLANTIC   AND  VAe_l.h'W  TELEOBAl'II.
T will first speak of the Atlantic and Pacilic
Telegraph measure. Tho bill was matured in
Committee, and reported to the Senate ; passed
that body, and after various modifications in the
House of Representatives, became a law. In
less than two years—probably within one—San
Francisco and New York will be connected by
a telegraph.
OVERLAND MAILS.
Next in importance, and in fact of equal
importance, was our overland communication.
Before proceeding lo act in Congress on this
question I consulted with my colleagues in
both Houses of Congress from the Pacilic
coast, aud we unanimously agreed to the
plan which I subsequently introduced into the
Committee, and by its instructions reported to
tho Senate. That plan was to have a semi-
weekly letter mail on the central route to
correspond in time with the existing semi-weekly
Butterfield route ; to have a weekly mail from
Lake Superior t.o Puget Sound, in the extreme
north ; and to change the Hutterfiekl contract so
as to abolish the Memphis branch, and require
the contractors to establish a semi-weekly line
from San Antonio fo connect with their St. Louis
line without additional cost to the Government
This would have, given U3 a semi-weekly
mail from St. Joseph to Placerville; a similar weekly mail from St, Louis, by way of El Paso
to San Francisco ; a semi-weekly mail from New
Orleans to   conuect therewith   in   Texas,   via
Ban     Antonio ;    anrl    tl   weakly   mnil     !;j-    r^fie "
Superior to Puget Sound.   It may be proper to
remark here that i.be Committee hsid so arranged
with the   Post Office Department, tiiat the local
service from Memphis to Fort Smith should he
expedited so as to give us all of the  benefits
tiiat we now derive from tlie Butterfield branch
route between those places ; and that the regular service  between San Antonio, Texas, and
New Orleans should be increased in speed so as
to give us a connection with the St. Louis route
one day short of the departure from St. Louis—,
that is to   say,  we would   have   six   departures  from the   east,   aix   days in   the   week
from    St.   Joseph     two  ;     from   St.    Louis
two ; and two from New Orleans ; tlie latter to
connect with the St. Louis route— bringing intelligence one day later.   But this programme
necessarily dispensed with what is known as the
San Antonio and Eir Diego overlaud route, and
ir, therefore becomes  necessary for me to give
the history of that route.   It was originally established  as a pioneer to the  great overland
route.   No continuous mail contract had ever
been given  out across the continent, and it was
a disputed   question whether the  mails could
be carried through  a region inhabited  for a
thousand miles   by hostile  tribes   of  Indians.
Hence  the Postmaster  General offered  a large
subsidy  on this route to justify an enterprising
contractor in making the experiment. Mr. James
Birch, formerly of this State, was the contractor
at a compensation of ¥1*19,000 a yearfor a semimonthly servioe, thirty days schedule time.  Mr.
Birch—as also the Postmaster General, then expected that he would have the  contract which
subsequently awarded to Bntterlield ,t Co.,
and in the contract for the San Antonio and San
Diego route a clause was inserted providing that
if any other service was afterwards  established
over that route it was to be discontinued.   The
Postmaster General therefore had the power to
abolish the whole route  from San Antonio to
San Diego, if he should choose to establish a superior service between those points.   Mr. Birch
soon after lost his life—was  among the victims
of  that   dreadful   tragedy    "   the   foundering
of  the   Central   America," and   subsequently
the   route   was   transferred   to   a   contractor
of  the   name   of   Giddings.     But   the   active
manager of this route, from the first, was I. C.
Woods, who is well known  to  the  people of
this State, ami whose history I  do  not choose
further" to refer   to.      When the great Overlaud Mail was established, the Postmaster General discontinued this route between El Paso and
Fort Yuma, but gave the contractors a weekly
service on the two ends, which brought up tlieir
compensation to $190,000 per annum.   Tliis was
its condition when the Post Office appropriation
bill failed atthe close of the last Congress, and
the   present  Postmaster  General  assumed   the
management of that Department.   He reduced
the service on this route from weekly to semimonthly, and the compensation from $196,000 to
$03,000  per annum.    Subsequently-he  discontinued the service trom Fort; Yuma to San Diego,
and from El Paso to Camanche Springs, leaving
less than four hundred miles of the route from
lhat point to San Antonio, anil reducing the compensation  lo i-i-.-VS.OOO per annum.   It was now
proposed to change tbe Port Smith and Memphis
branch of tlie Ihitl.eriiebl'route from Camanche
Springs to San Antonio, which would give all
the mail facilities of this route to the Pacific and
Atlautic coasts and to interior points, and discontinue the last remnant of this route, which
would diminish the   expense   of  service   $53,-
000.   But this  did  not suit I. C. Woods & Co, -■
They had had „for   years  the  the most  profitable mail contract iu the I'nited States.   It is
true the head ofthe Post Offiee Department had
the power to put an end to their contract whenever ho  chose, and he exercised that power.
But they did not choose t.o surrender it without
a struggle.   Heuce.Mr. I. C.Woods prepared
what is called thc Hale hill, and he and others
prevailed unon that Senator to present it to t.he
Senate.   Senator Hale is a member of the Post
Office Committee in the Senate, and had agreed
to the bill whicli 1 had reported upon that Committee.    The vital feature of Hales bill was a
to break the Butterfield contract, giv-
'  Paso to Ne
friends, the
The contest
and his friends shonld succeed in breaking the
Butterlield <*ontra.*t and give itto I C Woods V
Co.; also establishing a daily Central' overland
mail; or whether tim l.:ntt...;i ■' . ■'-■■ ■ -hoidd
he undisturbed, and the onlv legislation be tho
establishment ofa daily Centra! Overland Mail
The subject was elaborate!? discussed in the
Senate, but no vote was taken. Two days before the session closed, Mr. Wilson, liepublican
Senator from Massachusetts, oll.ereii an amendment to the Post Route hill, proposing a daily
Central overland mail and a semi-weekly mail
from New Orleans to El Paso; leaving the Butterlield contract undisturbed, I at once announced my willingness to support the amendment, although I intended, if wi ever mnld have
got to a vote, to move to strike out the appro- j
priation of $900,000 for the roule from New Or-
leans to I'll Paso as a wasteful and useless expenditure of the public money—for tho same service
eould have heen obtained, in my opinion, for
$">0,000; and tlio residilo was nothing but a bonus
to be given, as clear gain, to I. C. Woods .fc Co-
But tho opposition tO Mr. Wilson's amendment
was so great that it was impossible to pass it
through the Senate, and the biil appeared to be
lost. But Mr. Video, fhe Chairman oftlie Senate
Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads, who
was most anxious for the passage of the bill,
came to my residence, beforo Twas out of my
bed, on tlie day before Congress adjourned, to
see if some plan could not lie devised by which
the conflicting views in relation to this overland
mail service might be compromised, so as to enable some measure to become a law. The Postmaster General was very earnestly in favor of
passing the bill, for provision was therein made
that tho expense of this overlaud mail service
should be charged lo the National Treasury,and
not to tlie Post Office Department, for the reason that, although the mails were conveyed on
these routes, still they were intended for other
and important objects of the Government—as
tlie settlement of the country andthe building-
up, as it were, of military posts at the various
stations on the routes, whicli in timo would keep
the Indians in check, and save millions of dollars, which are now expended in maintaining
an expensive army in that desert and at present
uninhabited region. Mr. Yulec and myself agreed
upon an amendment, wliich subsequently passed
the Senate unanimously an a substitute" foi* Wilson's amendment
Thus the Senate by a unanimous vote passed
the very measure T had heen contending for for
months, Mr. Hale himself voting for it, leaving
the Butterlield route undisturbed.
In order to secure the passago of -tho bill
through the House it had been engrossed before the Senate met, and only needed after it
passed the Senate,' to be acted on hy the House
and to receive the signature of the'President to
become a law. If the hill had become a law the
Postmaster General proposed to, at once, establish a semi-weekly mail from New Orleans to
connect with the Butterlield route at E! Paso,
and a semi-weekly mail from St. Jo to Placerville. When the bill reached the House, it was
called up by Mr. Colfax, the liepublican Chairman of the Post Office Committee. But the
leader of the Republican party in the House,
John Sherman, opposed it violently and rallied his friends against it, falsifying tiie contents
of the bill charging that it had ninety-nine
amendments, wbieh Mr. Colfax pronounced to
be untrue, who  stated that there was but  one
best to intr
Sacramenk
erate measv
route to Oly
became a la
When I as
tho Post Offi
Senate, I wa
attached to
term of serv
her, and for
ith
, it *
■duce the hill for the service irrnu
to Portland, iu the House, as a sep-
:*e. It passed there, extending tlie
nipia; al.-o  passed thc Senate, ami
sunied the position of a member of
.oe Committee, on my return to the
is woll aware  of the  responsibility
ition.   During mv previous
yard on thir
loll  ther
plishiueut. I thoivbive thought on my
return to tlie Senate thai I cuitj.i be more serviceable to iny State on the Post Offloe Committee, than the one over which I had presided
during my former term. I knew that there was
much work to he done on the Post Office Committee. When I took my BWt in the Senate in
February, 1867, 1 unmoniced that 1 was For carrying the mails from ilu- Atlantic to tl e Pacific
coast, overland,—and dispensing wilh the ocean
service.
When the great measure—resulting in the establishment   of  the  Butterlield   route—passed
said the mails could be carried overland Mcnii-
wcekly, in 25 days, wo were scoffied at. Yet we
persevered,  and succeeded in getting the law
the Sen.it('. I iviil give a brief history ofthe
mail communication between the Atlantic and
Pacific coasla.
When tliis State was admitted into the Union,
we had but a monthly mail. Soon thereafter, in
March. 1851,1 succeeded in having it brought
up to semi-monthly service, Tins was the only
mail communication between tho Atlantic and
Pacific coasts, up to 1857. Then, this experiment of a semi-monthly horse mail was lirst
made from San Antonio to Sau Diego—and it
had no doubt but this service would he super-
i-eded try a more elfieien! ono by direct legisla
tion, and as the contractors on thu Bt-Josepl
and Salt Lake route had surplus *fock to keep
up tlie scrvico from Salt Lake to Placerville
temporarily, it. would lead to no delay In Harrying the increased service that might be ordereil
by Congress Ihto immediate operation. They
have heen cany ing the mails under Ihis contract
siuce tho 1st of June, at the rate of 139 060 pet
annum, making the aggregato SOI li e laattoE
from St. Joseph to Placerville, rince the 1st of
June, $158,0011, instead of $205,UUD paid previous
to that time.
My object in addressing you now is, to huve
this service performed weekly as originally con
traded for, at a pro rata increase on the presenl
compensation, which would amount to 1816,000
annum, iustead of $;V20,OIJO the original
tract pr
lu addition to Ihe
dafement made
nthly service
ig tlie entire
hat the great
the recent etta il n ■■
from the crossing of th
City, makes it absohiU
weekly service nn (hi
route; and thai iHthln
of miners have emigra'
region through whirl
the only mail sen io« ;i
it the duty of the gove
service on the Place
Joseph cud of the route.
But my object is not to have simply a weekly
service with the present schedule of 88 days
time.
Theso contractors have at their own expense
established the Pony Express on ihis line, whieh
but for the Indian dil'i alii. * vv aid now l.e i*
successful operation. The interruption OSnssd
by these disturbances has resulted in heavy ioa.
e iu tbo Senate-■■-wit lion I. a colleague. When
1113 own Kirtn expired, tho legislature was Ibr n
month engaged in balloting to eloct my succes-
uiid also adjourned leaving the post vacant;
mid Col. Weller was left alone in the Senate—
without a colleague—for nearly two years.
l*\r*. myself, I confess I am getting tired of
these contests, and of the floods of vituperation
that are heaped npon me just about theiime my
term in ihe Senate is to expire. Liko the man
Who -.vhen he ate the crow, said he could eat
crew, but had no hankering for it—1 can stand
':;■* M^auils, but i have n**. EnEvEv.: for them,
And,if the Democratic party of California will
only ,ast the electoral vote of Ihis State for
Breckinridge and Lane in lhe approaching con-
lei-mhc host of aspirants for my seal may struggle for ihe pri/.e without auy etlbrt on niy part.
If the representatives oftlie people choose to
elect me, I am content. If they ohooHe to elect
another, I »1U eqoally content. And, 1 am
equally content oven if the electoral vote of California should g" against. Ilreekinriilge and Lane,
although that is an impossibility,for the Democ-
racytil'this State have always moved true to
that great and glorious party whicli ISreckiiiridge
and Lane represent, and ihey will not fail in their
duty now.
A.MBKDMBNT TO  nn:   EtOMKSTSAD BtLL.
Th.:**: are main . '. ■■'■■.' ■' '■■ 'i . ■ !f**,v * itizens.
dial ivere aete.i ■■-. ■■" ■ ; ':-- , '["'■]''-' llu: ii,sl
session of Congress, which 1 shall not now refer
to at large.
Among others, T have seen entuu/.cd an
amendment proposed hy me to the Homestead
Bill—giving to the citizens of this State the
n*r]]t j,,   |.,-v ■ ii!   1 w u k   tb." mini-rill lands ol
■sua-sn-
mod   war
i granted  in the
'.   I have no com
as to whether the Stale ean have nrfaria ™™
ertv condemned for >■■: V*.*  ,,",.' ■ -' ■' ,\"E f''1''
lcr"il U, th,   I     Mi,     -.. Yfl.";,,.'/,:"i   t.anv
he decided V, :■.■■■..;.*;. i     ...    (*    .     j \"'
-M own J ad rsia-  .  .   *   hrll,,  |i.   -to      i- ..',',"
power, I have-no doubt whatever that Congress
possesses the right to pass snch a law. At Icnsl
we should inuke the experinKiiu. If the judicial
tribunals of tho country determine that we have
no such power, we are left at tlie mercy of the
owner, ol private property, who nnu" exforl
lrom us auy sum they see lit l0 ■v^i whenever it
■•: .'..cess-ov lo.* ,*.a.: ( overmuch ov o*" . '■■■:-' -v
property tor public improvements.
I'ACIIC lii.Il.KOAl).
There is another subject which I will refer to
briefly, ami it is a very familiar one to the
peoi B ■ 1 thi- State—that is, the Pacilic Railroad. On lbe first day of the last session I
iyive nutlet- fhtA I would introduce tlio Pacific
';' ''.,:-" !r ■| ' 'V!l ;*ad been reported fo the
I''**' ■  /   '" .'■   '■-'-■■: Selecl  Couiinitl.ee,
'' -"V     '■■■     ';■'. 'I ■        > ■'lU'oj-a,   of   whiri)    I    ::-■ -
Wiaiiiiiiiii. lu.. .ur — .l was during Hk: last sch-
r-.ionot \\v\\, i.(Ingres i.o, aside red for weeks in
the Senate, tlie hill elaborately discussed and
a:iie;ole..i -d siindly destroved hy protended
friends who olleted a substitute, which, although
it passed that body, was not onlv never con-nd-
ered in the House, but from that dav to this
never called up m other branch of Congress, f
introduced Urn bill in accordance with the notice.
It was the lust oim ho calendar, and has been the
lirst from tbe lirst week of the session to the last
'hiy ol ns i.*mvi-iii.*.i. ] triC(| time and again to
call it up. I fought against r-peoial orders, which
took precedence of the calendar, in order that
wu might proceed to the business in order thereon, but laded in every suoli ctlbri. Twenty-live
Ibj.iitilu.io Sen ilon ■ ■' i tb •*- a*'-'.-, 'lc'vimr
■:'■■•'■ * *.-.in i , c I Mi-, l.ili . .■ isidered
-     ■•*'     ■■■  '■■■ ..  I      fin-,-,' usil
'■oi-.'-- i1   ...:.'.; Mr. -'wurd, whon re both
■ ■    'he Sub   i i .■: imittee wl       framed
lhe lull, yet tliey never made a uioventftii in lav or
ol this great measure.or gave me any assistance
in hniiRtnft il h.rwurd, althounh it w&aknowo to
■ry the letter
ly-live davs.
n.   This will
kly by  the  Salt Lake route
r*ear.   That, too, has proved
ay 11
was found impracticable
Indians on the route, and
When I took my seat in
had twenty-four mails a j
tic ami Pacilic coasts, ei
sently enumerate what \
fore 1 do so, Twill allude
lished in the oppositi:
" quarrel with the i'res:
THE QUAK11EL W1T1
This" quarrel" origin;
provisiL_
ing one-half of it—that fro:
Orleans—to I.C. Wood A Co.. and allowing Butterfield & Oo. to retain fhe other lialf—that from
El Paso to San Francisco. In the event of liut-
terfieldA. Co.'s refusal to continue to carry the
mails on the portion allotted them, the the whole
route was to be given to I. C. Woods & Co.
To make this bill popular, it provided for a
daily Overland Mail. As soou as Mr. Hale introduced this bill, 1 prepared aud introduced into
the Senate a bill for adai.lv Central Overland
Mail and a weekly mail from Lake Superior to
Ptiget Sound, leaving untouched the .Unt-
terlield contract and the residue of the San
Amtonio and San Diego route. The point of
contest was the question of the distinction o
the Butterlield contract. I resisted it, as did all
the delegation from the Pacilic coast. But, in
order that the service on the Central route
should not. sutler. 1 induced ihe Post. Ollice Committee to agree to report a bill bringing up the
service on that route, making it semi-
weeklv, schedule time, twenty days. Mr. Hale
himself agreed to this, but when I called it
up in the Senate, Mr. Rice of Minnesota objected
to providing for that route and excluding the
route through liis bi.ate. from Lake Superior to
■ret Sound; and asi saw I could  not press it
cide, that of this great, daily overland mail aer- se]f. Uj
vice, and that a single vote would decide it; at
the same time denouncing the course qf Mr.
Sherman as " filibustering" to defeat the measure. Notwithstanding this, Mr. Sherman persevered. It required a two-thirds vote to suspend
the rul&3 to get the bill beforo the House.
Through liis influence and that of Horace P.
Clark, the son-in-law of Vanderbilt, a suspension
of the rules was defeated by a few votes; and
thus the bill passed over tothe next session of
Congress. Yes, fellow citizens, the daily overland mail bill was defeated; not by me, as has
been charged in thc Opposition press of this
State, but by John Sherman, the leader of the
Republican party in the House of Representatives, the samo man whose unholy ambition had
prevented the organization of that body for two
months and thus in a. measure destroyed all useful legislation during thc last session, and yet
not a word of censure haa been applied to him
by the Opposition press of this State. The man
who defeated this great measure passes without
censure; while I, who steadily .advocated it and
succeeded in passing it through the Senate am
denounced as a traitor and an enemy to the
measure. The only pretext or excuse that Mr.
Sherman had to give for hia conduct was that
there was not time* to consider the bill. What
was there to consider? The ninety-nine amendments, if there had been as many, but Mr. Colfax pronounced tho statement to be false when
Mr. Sherman made it, were mainly the addition
iu the Senate of post routes, to which no member of any party ever objected. The single
question of  consequence to  be  decided  was,
" SlIALT, TIIE MAILS   BK L'AKRUCn DAILY   OVBB THE
gkeat oentbai. rout£ f" and that question Mr.
Sherman defeated. There waa plenty of
time to have taken the vote on it. As Mr.
Colfax charged, Mr. Sherman "filibustered" to
defeat the bill, and he succeeded. Not time to
pass iti Why, fellow citizens,! have seen appropriation hills amounting to over $40,000,000
pass through the Seuate and receive tho signature ofthe President between four o'clock in the
morning of the 4th of March and 12 o'clock on
that day. I will name the time and tho Bession.
It was the 4th of March, 1851. A fierce
contest sprung np in the Senate ou the River
and Harbor Bill. Mr. Clay, that great parliamentary leader, was in favor of passing the
bill as it came from the House. A majority of
the Senate sustained bim, and itwas known that
the President—Mr. Filmore—would sign the bill.
The minority resorted to parliamentary tactics
to defeat the passage of the measure. The contest was long and arduous, consuming nearly the
whole of two days, and it seemed inevitable
that thc session would close without the passage
of any of the appropriation bills. But tlie bodily vigor of Mr. Clay was not equal to his indomitable will, and he was forced late at night on
the last day of the session fo surrender his leadership. In a few hours thereafter, the majority
surrendered, dropped the River and Harbor bill,
took up the appropriation bills and passed them
as I have stated- There was then time enough to
__._._ appropriation bills exceeding stO.HOii.iiiio
through the two Houses of Congress, and they
were signed by the President. Yet, John
Sherman eavs there was not time enough
to pass throughl.be House a bill already enrolled
and ready for the signature of the President;
one that had passed the Senate unanimously;
that the Executive was in favor of; that a vast
majority of the House were in favor of, and
which could have passed that body by simply
calling the ayes and nays twice; once on a suspension ofthe rules, and a second time ou thc
previous question to put the measure on its passage.
Now, fellow citizen;;, if it wns treason to defeat the passage of a bill establishing a daily
overlaud mail on the Central route, which is the
traitor? I,who passed it through the Senate, or
John Sherman, who elefceited it in the House?
Yet I am denounced by the opposition press
throughout this State as the " Daily Overlaud
Mail Killer," while John Sherman has not a
shadow of censure east upon him—he who really
killed it, if it is killed at all, aud I say it is
not. It is postponed until the next session,
when the House by a large majority, will
take up this same bill and pass it. It then will
only want the signature ofthe President to become the law of the land.
I will not dilate on this question. You all uu-
derstandit. Thc people ofCalifornia are not
deceived by an unjust denunciatlWi of one public man, ranrt an 'unmerited praise of another.
My own course was chalked out from the commencement to the close of the session, and I
never veered from it. It was to bring up the
Central route to a semi-weekly service, and
ultimately to make it a great daily route, over
which the entire mail of the United States should
be conveyed instead of by ocean steamers. I was
not certain of success in a session, or iu a year.
But I intended to persevere eo long as I remained in the Senate, unless success sooner
crowned my efforts. I reported the bill from
the Post Office Committee ofthe Senate for a
semi-weekly mail. Tlie moun-nf Mr. Hub1 introduced his bill, for n ii iiy route m c ndition
that the Kutterticld contra'* t shouSi I-*.' d-v iv.-ed,
Iaccepted the daily O.mtra! route provision,but-
opposed the abrogation of the liu item eld route,
and the giving of the route, from New Orleans
to HI Paso, to I. C. Woods & Co.
omitted  to  state' that the  daily line
apidly on this
is weekly lette
ill remove the?
that
dent and myself; nor, 1 may say, as regards this
Overlaud Mail service, between the Postmaster
■General and myself. They wanted the expense
of this service to be paid om of the National
Treasury jn stead of being charged to the Post
Office Department. So did I. They wanted these
great lines of intercommunication to be established by law, and not Ihe entire responsibility
thrown on the Postmaster General. So did I. All
the useful mail contracts we have had, have been
those established try law. Our first mail communication was a legislative contract for aroute
from New York and New Orleaus to Astoria,
which for ten years we received the benefit of.
Our next great mail route was established by
law—the Butterfield route. Onr last great mail
route—daily from Sacramonto to Olympia—the
longest four-horse post coach route in the world,
was established by a legislative contract and
will be in successful operation on the 15th of
September. I wanted the great Central route,
over which all the mai's must ultimately be carried, to also be a legislative contract that could
not .be set aside at the will and pleasure of
a Postmaster General, or even by the subsequent action of Congress itself. Up to the
adjournment, of Congress there was, as I have
said before, no di here nee of cp ini on between the
President, or the Postmaster General and myself on the subject of the Overland Mail service.
That Congress should establish the routes and
authorize the expenses to be paid out of the National Treasury, leaving the Postmaster Genera;
to execute the law—was our mutual desire. After Congress adjourned, I proposed tothe President, as"no jirovisinn !■ nl been niailr-v'm* liie conveyance of our printed matter—thanks to John
Sherman, the leader of the Republicans of the
House—that he should at once bring up thc ser
on the Central route to tri-weekly, or
dailj to carry the entire newspaper mail over
that line. Here we dnl'ered. He thought it impracticable. I did not. He thought the risk too
sat, which if the experiment tailed would leave
.__ without any mail for our printed matter. He
therefore sought the contract with thc ocean line,
which was subsequently consummated. This is
the whole " quarrel'' between the President and
myself. Tt was a simple difference of opinion.
The President, no doubt, honestly bolives that if
he had ordered thc mails to be brought
overland on the Central route, the experiment would have been a failure. I as honestly
believe it would have been a success. It was
ascertained that the weight of the printed matter amounted to forty or fifty thousand pounds a
month. It is a grave question whether that
amount of mail matter can be carried across the
continent on the Central route, throughout the
entire year, and the President is excusable Ear
entertaining adoubt on the ■■ '. in h   1
incomplete legislation of C'
perfected early in the next session, will within
a year make this thu great high way for the
mails to and from the I'acilic Coast. With great
reaped. con:* oheaieni servant,
Wm. M. Gwin.
The President has decided upon this proposition, and favorably; and we now have a weekly
letter mail on the Salt Lake route, with the same
schedule time as on the Butterfield line, besides
a scini-wieklv Pony Express line.
of the Ui
tion
nlhePo
. and
omparc it as it was then with what it now is.
Then we had two mails a month by the ocean
liue—twenty-four a year, each way, and no
overland route. iVcio we have three a month—
:i6 a year—by the ocean line, each way. We
have 104 mails a year each way, by the Butterlield route. We have 52 mails a year by tho
Salt Lake route. We have in addition 104 arrivals and departures a year by the Pony Express on tho same route; and finally we have 24
mails a year each way, from New Orleans,
connecting with the Butterfield route at
Camanche Springs by the way of San Antonio.
By
mai
thi
little hopes of ■ I  ■ ■*  1,1*01 -!.- bXflCBUTfl lia.l initiated the pri" ' idin     th it resulted
junction ; and as ll:"_ i:i.t:vr ^ ■
courts I considered if doubfful WhettoOT the
President would interfere. Bnt I thought it wai.
:*. ,; ovvrmi-; pieeeiieof : .1 dilkovu vvHi ;he
learned Attorney General ofthe [JiiitedStat.es
who is of the opinion that it will not be cited as
i ; ', -i for Himilat proceedings agaiust the
, ',, [,-. 0f ihe "old regions of this State. 1
■ ... u i.ivdiy MSB one Secretary of the In-
i v n* recommend collecting a lax.hy way ol
Sfigiiiiratze, from the miners of this State ; and
another Secretary of the [nterfor urging the sale
of the minora! lauds, so tiiat they might bring
■:',,'■' i. it prioe—the proceeds to be placed io
the Treasury of the llnited States, and some
jer.retari maj in time to come, look to
thiB iu'iunetion in tiie New Ahnaien case as a
l.'i'-ililieal.ion for instituting proceedings against
the occupants of the gold mines of this State. 1
differ from the Attorney General m another
point in this case. .1 do not believe that the
new Almjulen claim is fraudulent, or based
upon a fraudulent title. I have known
the  attorneys  in  that case  for many years, as
(lie Stale. Willi one of Ihein 1 Mm
Convention which framed the Constitul
State ; and we had au horn
thei
al 1 l
vii'v:
i:.;.:;,l!; ;,. ,,!' ■■■'. -- ro,*' i . a fiamiuieul ci.iim ; and
i]io rviui eou'd not piir-nibsy br' fraudulent wilhout their knowing it- I do uot believe auy injunction ever shonld have been granted, unless
a Receiver had been appointed. It has injured
the commerce of the State, and deprived our
oitizenaOfan Important article used in mining,
which deprivation would have worked ' serious
detriment, but For the opportune discovery of
other qiiicloih v loim - discoveries which could
not lvve tin: :iv   ,;! a'1 ': ai, i.be time the
nya
icntt
unplish this in part.
to declare by Act
OJ QoogTOBB that the miners m
ihis Slate—whet
er engaged  in  mining gold,
silver or utiiek-ih
Stales, were not i
to pursue their oc
.upation there.
PCROH
SE   OF   LIMB   I'OINT.
subject about which I have
liled  for   years   past.     They
face niy return to the Stale.   I
2',iij departures au
In a great numln
i'ederaey Sunday
eclion to the Senate,
is contradicte d this
ut it to rest forever,
of the purchase   (Jf
y other State of this Union 1 would have
•eeted on my return to  my constituents
, not only in thc &
I wa
state
■■in i ..il two route or three roads; anyttiiug,
m fact, that would ensure a railway or railways
between the Atlantic and tbe I'aoitlc.
Yet. 1 wns uottustained in every eflbrt I mado
to bring the subject up for consideration, by
even a respectable minority ef the Senate. The
liepublican party had tlie organisation ia the
lluiisc. A member of that party moved for a
Select Committee ami obtained it. A majority
of liis party were placed on that Committee,
whicli, arter great delay, reported a bill. It
Inul strength enough to obtain a two-thirds voto
lo make it a special order. Wheu il came up
for consideration, a member ot that Select Committee—Henry Winter Davis of Maryland, who
passes for a Know Nothing, hut was good
enough Republican to vote lor IViiuington ior
Speaker of the House—opposed Ihe bill and virtually destroyed it. It was recommitted to the
Select Committee and brought buck again in an
altered loini. 7Vi.:ii,lhe Chairman ol that Select Committee—a leading Republican of lho
House—moved to postpone its consideration Lo
the next se-n.m Of OoBgroM.
Yel •,;.■■ br*. ■,"* ". c. i rr-, :.j ihis Stale altuck
the Democratic party for their hostility to tins
mo_uror»! Mita-.L- tha numbbn of tbat'party for
want, of zeal in its favor, when tlieir own party
men, as thus proven by the record, have  been
Nfit agreeing upon the details of a hill when
reported to the liouse. they destroyed Iheir own
ivurk and linnlly posfp■■«<.'[( the. wh'oh: i-nlErrt n,
the next session.
Hut, fellow eitl/.eus, while wo havo not
yet passed a I'acilic Railroad bill, wc are tending inevitably to that result. Wliile tho
delay has been of great injury to the people
of this Slate, It has not as yet proved
fatal. Within tbe last three years we have
demonstrated that this great continent presents no iusuperabte difficulties to the
building of a railroad. Our mails are now
being conveyed from tho Atluntie, .to the
I'aciho hy four-liorso couches — traversing
hundreds of miles apart orer different
routes along which the railroad or railroads
must Be built, if built at all. Wo are
building up settlements; wc are making this
railroad a still t-.reai.er necessity; ami in time,
Congress will he forced to'-utile tlieir difficulties
iu regard to the question of route and lo tlmiliy
act favorably upon the measure. I think this
will be before the present Congress closes.
I have an abiding conviction that before the
next Ith of March a railroad bill will puns Congress. In order to accomplish Itial great object
T I'r.i no! chouse to .:v:va1i;'v um: reenimiiiiic an
to who is most responsible lor the J "-day up to
this time, because alter the I'residential election
I hope that all parties aud the members of all
parlies will agree upon some plan which wili secure the binl,ij::r** of ibis worl', *-.*■ naivi-eiir'aele
to our safety and our greatness as a nation.
mstus nivioiMi niK okmochacv.
I have not, fellow citizens, lime to go into a
detail of other questions that wi-v acted upon
,lnn:i" the last Congress. You will perceive that
I hav* not, up to this time, diseased the -pies-
lions wlncii itre now in contest between lhe dil-
i*,,.,,,,-*; narties in this Slate, and especially beings of the Democratic parly. 1
of ll.e purchase more than three years ago, at
tlie least possible sum for whieh the site could
he obtained, the immediate • commencement of the fortifications to he erected
there, and their speedy completion, il
If the Secretary of War had then purchased
this tract of laud at the price of $-200,1)110 and
commenced on the first of July, 1857, with the
balance [$100,000] of the appropriation, to
erect the fortifications, by this time not less
than half a million of dollars would have been
appropriated by Congress and expended or being expended in that work. The delay
in my judgment, has been of great injury to
the State. It may be of yital injury, for we
kuow not when war will come and if it
does with any great maritime power, and
these v,,-ii.i,*a!:.i;i.: not Imih, we are at
the mercy of the Heels of the enemy- But
the people of California seem to acquiesce
in the postponement ofthe purchase, l am
voaeio. A'ltiiouadi 1 acquiesced iu ihe ap-
iii*ii'r;;ioii made by mv coSicaioies li'.irmg lie* ;a-i
1       _-__  .      .,       ,. .          r   Wl., ,. 1,1 .....m.Wl*  I Ins
mot propose to do so at large, now, and pit-
ips nut, during this canvass. I have done itpie-
of Wa
anip
,*;e :i;v
is, yel I
days time
the Pony
I    had
Expr
been informed by the
prising owners of that Express, that
to the interruptions occasioned by the
disturbances they could not keep it up; tl
loss was too great for them to do so, unle
were aided by the Covernment. 1 could i
other aid that the t iovernuient could givE
except by increasing tlieir compeusati
carrying the mail from St. Jo. to Plaet
and I accordingly addressed the Preside
Slowing letter:
Va
. Jul
To his  Excellency the President   of the   United
States:
Slit :—On   the   lid   instant,   1 addressed   you a
communication on lhe sublet of coin eying The
entire United States Mail  daily to and lrom the
Pacilic Coast by the Canitta! Route.    Having   li
elined to entertain this proposition. I feel called ,
upon by sense of  duty to- my  constituents to
make one further effort to improve the service
on  this route.    As   originally   established   thc j
and oiher sites needed for pu   I'    *"' i -mm.--,
1 introduced a bill in the Senate authorizing tlie
condemnation of private property iwojo '*"
publio nsea bv the United States. It had oceu
I . iared th session previous with great cave
' ' r. ... .n nullity in the Judiciary Committee ol
ihe --iniie and' rcnorted unanimously by that
Committee I introduced thissauie bill, had it
referrafl to the same Committee, and it was
iiiun diately  reported back, passed to its Ihud
:■ vir**   :;-fu a ■ftenssion sprung   up in regard
;, liv rorirautiil ional power of Congress to enact
.aichalaw-whieli prevented il- passage al he
lime. On the lasl day of the session I moved to
. ,i., ;t i _.,__,_,  ;i   -nri-iori  Senator Wilson ot
Mails
■ph.to Placerville,
(1 at an aggregate e
ie   present   Postmas
in thirty-eight days,
nsation of *;i'2(!,(H!0.
eneral reduced this
trips,    and
$205,000.     T
end of thero
this reduction of his eoiiipcu-cuinu, he became
hopelessly involved, and Baoi atrfl waa forfeited and re-let. The lowest bidder was Major
Ormsby who lost his life'recently in the Indian
difficulties in the Washoe country. This was a
star bid oi'^.'U.OOO.
Upon coosiilva'.ior. wiih. my colleagues as to
Major Ormsby's ability to execute his contract,
it was determined to urge the contractors on thc
route from St. Joseph to Bait Lake to agree to
perform this service   temporarily   fur that Bum.
1 am true to the party to which
(longed. Ami, as long as I stand
i shall wave here. I may be
and its banner will still wave ;
ies of the Democracy think that
ui, one of the main pillars of the
tter reason for these attacks.
Senate will  MOD   expire.    It is
ubi
against any man; eombhutlOUl to 0 BrOJ ^v;
Democratic party, of which I anl a to im ier,Bno
—from thc. Important official position I hold-
considered an important member; and combinations to render my re-election to ihe Senate impossible.
These contests for scats in the Senate of the
United Si ales e.numenced from the day tiiat tbia
State was admitted into the Union. On the expiration of each Senatorial term, such a hoatoi
aspirants contend fertile pri/.e. lb.it u irer-uemly
cannot be filled. When Colonel Fremont's term
expired, there were 110-odd ballots had for his
td the Legislature tinally adjourned,
ft, when Senator Wilson
*.' v-.iei-t'i ■..■it-, ''interposed   objections — oonse-
, pa wed  over  to  the next session,   l
; i   r ■*, ,, , ;,*-*,,   and have   no   doubt of m
;,.'i«;il'.*   through   the   Senate-and,   as I hope,
through the the House. .       ,    ,   .     _,
V*,\* appropriated He'Uino during the hM - -
Bion for fSghl houses in ihis State 'Ihere li.s
been going on for years a oonteErfibetween m
ollieersof the Government and lim owneis oi
light house sites, which has resulted in post
pooiM the erection of light houses at bo mc; ol
ihe most important points ol the coast in
owners of lhe required sites have asked wlui tn.
,.Ci*er.iof lho Government have considered e\
orhilant prices-prices which hey would "J
imv-un.l lhe ap iroprialions that have been
■ oude have lap.edbaek into lhe l.va*ury- At
i rougross had this year, given us the atge a -
' proprlatlonforlighi bonsesln I n» s a e,« 1 ij
'Sh.ive mentioned, I applied in the Uight »i c
board al Washingl-m to issue induction;ho
United States District Attorney here   o '
.oidcr „ur Stale enactment to have the si es a
(] |in.  ,i„lil |iol„,-s coo-  ■inn ■w
j ,ry. hi order that the money.might be expend
within
thia
,. aaaia- nl  lac i.a'.i  " y a     ,     ,     ,,
of tba country, ol* taini! iiitfriralafl   n Ilic 1* K«
a.-ara*.   iV*»,,r.a.l.r.iv*.«"'
tor public Improvements, ita Dat • * .
ta,.,' lias nli'ira.ly in»tiluUu unci P™fJ*
J , * __.de. instructions lrom the U8M
ilrai.-c Board.   There arc wrlotr. donbte,
 '''Aft
io'usly; my opinions liave been known over
since. ' theae    nuestions   arose.    1   took   my
noaili.ai ao soon a» I read Mr. Douglaif frac-
„,,, focccli. I ilcnoniiciril Ilic iiniici. Ies Hint
lie there lor thc lint time, to my knowledge,
avowed. I hare continued to denounce
Ihem erer since, on all nro(ier oeeasioua. 1
i'j'aaata them la the  notice or' my associates iu
■ '..'. V.'" ■.  -1 ilia meatier al lha -asaiaii ol ' aii-
', ' |*a avjna |)ia delivery at Ilial sjie.a!).
'ai,. a ..a.'; ...s (oniaineil in  it. were condemned
■ a ' paieeetaitia Senators ill Congress, uud
a' .   ■■.',,     .       ,     „.,.    ■ ivcil    aV  11 Mlla   Ol  thaaO
.'*','   *   *    t ., r  .  ..,;,.. „| Chairman of lho
'-     iio'li  a ,.u*'*e-n:,!iies lieciiuse  al* the enau
aia'Lii' of those  doetrii.es.    Snl.sciiiently   an
e" ting   discussion   tool   plMe   in «"  g?
,V tehicen  Judge  Douglas   and  other beir
I.,...     :   aaseaaakal   iu   that  discussion.    I
i   a       ,,li a, ,f his I'reqiort.peerh
1        I i      i i mill   Mnate as
wel a. Judge EE- Himself, look is.ueiwi h
,.     Tkegmnllel  was thrown down lo ur in
Sla.v     diirint'   I'"'    I"-1    "•'"]-      .'*.->
ni,,,      I  met  the   issue   e.erywbcre ,    1 »-
eussei] tlie oiieslion at large ; and was one ol the
T S ZEEAEES tA£"Z
hf^AEtEE^lTL^
„„ i'i      isniailclhaoeansiimVliiiigelluetr-
!,:'  v  va,.,* ■..■•.■..;■■,;;;:;■,■■,
EZAEflEAEEEr^lSZ
i-vrai-ir-^iv-^v:!,-.;:*::;^::::;::*.-.^
' -'■■:-■■>  ■■■,-.,..,.,      ■„ uie    .1-  u--i.il  -■
.'.-v,..,i, ,;!',,".,,
■in   ,lid   nol  believe in Ins
;: I,,,,,pledge that i
ilie views  I ■
(Douglas')  doctrine   of
A  ■ F.:... ' i,„  a  Te.rritf
non-action  and lie><uU
S.b^v,l;:;;**a^-^l
EEEEEff
'AA:E:fm
'" a*arlaa,aal    . ..,,;,..„    imlivielu.il    ell-a-
himself.   Now,     d" I.'"  ■;.. *';..;. *.**.„.   [twill
main ra ear -"p ■■'•   .;* -';;;., .„ ,;„ , ,i.
,,;. „„,, and in.nn'l'.;::'""-1.   ■!'.,!,,, u.rownlir.-nd-
ole „l Califori.ua    llii.i »*.'       *    ,,„, „,!,„,. Hie
*" '■    '■■yrEA^
=!;:,'     :*i'*'   '   '