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LINKING EYES TO MOUTH:
A SCHEMA-BASED COMPUTATIONAL MODEL FOR DESCRIBING VISUAL SCENES
by
Jinyong Lee
A Dissertation Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
(COMPUTER SCIENCE)
August 2012
Copyright 2012 Jinyong Lee
Object Description
| Title | Linking eyes to mouth: a schema-based computational model for describing visual scenes |
| Author | Lee, Jinyong |
| Author email | jinyongl@usc.edu;gullpong@empal.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Computer Science |
| School | Viterbi School of Engineering |
| Date defended/completed | 2012-06-11 |
| Date submitted | 2012-08-02 |
| Date approved | 2012-08-02 |
| Restricted until | 2012-08-02 |
| Date published | 2012-08-02 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Arbib, Michael A. |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Itti, Laurent Kaiser, Elsi |
| Abstract | The present thesis is part of a larger effort to locate the production and perception of language within the broader context of brain mechanisms for action and perception more generally. As the first step, we use the task of describing visual scenes to explore the suitability of the currently proposed framework of a schema-based linguistics. We developed a new kind of semantic representation, SemRep, which is an abstract form of visual information with an emphasis on the spatial linkage of entities, attributes and actions. SemRep provides a compact graph-like structure with enough formal semantics for verbal description of a scene, reducing the relatively complex task of semantic processing to a graph matching task. The present thesis reports results on implementing the production of sentences using Template Construction Grammar (TCG), a new form of Construction Grammar distinguished by its use of SemRep to express semantics. Constructions, represented as schema instances in our approach, compete and cooperate to cover the SemRep to produce a description of the visual scene at hand. In our approach, the vision system interprets a part of the scene under attention by creating or updating the corresponding SemRep while the language system applies constructions on that part of SemRep by the principles of TCG. The current work proposes specific mechanisms on how a representation (i.e. SemRep) is built from the perceived visual scene and what influences the choice of constructions for the produced utterances. More specifically, the complexity of a perceived event and the constraints on available computational resources are hypothesized to be the main driving force of the resultant sentential structure being produced. The former affects the coverage of the perceived subscene, which represents a particular view on the scene at a certain moment, and the resultant formulation of SemRep. The latter, which is parameterized as the threshold of utterance, limits the amount of time and constructions used for formulating descriptions, resulting in different degrees of ""well-formedness"" of produced sentences. To test hypotheses, we conducted a series of eye-tracking experiments with experimental settings to induce various levels of event complexity (e.g. showing scenes of different event structures) and threshold (e.g. imposing time pressure). Based on the examination on the time-locked eye movements and recorded speech, the present thesis presents supporting evidence for the proposed mechanisms. We conclude by demonstrating how the combinations of various levels of threshold and event complexity in the framework of SemRep and TCG can address both of the apparently opposing strategies in sentence production: the ""structural view"" which asserts the preparation of sentential structure and the preparation of each constituent are interleaved, and the ""incremental view"" that claims that those are separated in an orderly fashion. |
| Keyword | language model; construction grammar; eye-tracking; schema theory; neurolinguistics; psycholinguistics |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m |
| Rights | Lee, Jinyong |
| Access conditions | The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the author, as the original true and official version of the work, but does not grant the reader permission to use the work if the desired use is covered by copyright. It is the author, as rights holder, who must provide use permission if such use is covered by copyright. The original signature page accompanying the original submission of the work to the USC Libraries is retained by the USC Libraries and a copy of it may be obtained by authorized requesters contacting the repository e-mail address given. |
| Repository name | University of Southern California Digital Library |
| Repository address | USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus MC 7002, 106 University Village, Los Angeles, California 90089-7002, USA |
| Repository email | cisadmin@usc.edu |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume4/etd-LeeJinyong-1120.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 1 |
| Full text | LINKING EYES TO MOUTH: A SCHEMA-BASED COMPUTATIONAL MODEL FOR DESCRIBING VISUAL SCENES by Jinyong Lee A Dissertation Presented to the FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (COMPUTER SCIENCE) August 2012 Copyright 2012 Jinyong Lee |
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