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Encapuslated periodontal ligament and gingival mesenchymal stem cells in 3-D, injectable, and biodegradable scaffold: a unique platform for bone tissue engineering

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Title	Encapuslated periodontal ligament and gingival mesenchymal stem cells in 3-D, injectable, and biodegradable scaffold: a unique platform for bone tissue engineering
Author	Moshaverinia, Alireza
Author email	moshaver@usc.edu
Degree	Doctor of Philosophy
Document type	Dissertation
Degree program	Cranio-Facial Biology
School	School of Dentistry
Date defended/completed	2012-02-15
Date submitted	2012-04-07
Date approved	2012-04-09
Restricted until	2013-04-07
Date published	2013-04-07
Advisor (committee chair)	Paine, Michael L. Chee, Winston W.
Advisor (committee member)	Gupta, Malancha Zadeh, Homa H. Schricker, Scott R. Cho, George C.
Abstract	The need for hard tissues repair has increased in modern esthetic and reconstructive dentistry. Bone grafts are currently the major modality of treatment. Tissue engineering provides a new concept for tissue regeneration and reconstruction. Stem cell-scaffold constructs seem to be a promising approach for bone tissue engineering. Stem cells in particular have drawn interest because they are undifferentiated cells with the ability to differentiate into one or more types of cells and are capable of self-renewal. Tissue regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells might be an advantageous therapeutic option since it provides high-quality regeneration of damaged tissues without forming fibrous tissue, minimum donor-site morbidity compared to autografts, and a low risk of autoimmune rejection and disease transmission. ❧ Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: (1) develop an injectable scaffold based on oxidized alginate microbeads encapsulating PDL (PDLSCs) and Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs); and (2) investigate microsphere degradation profile, cell viability, and osteogenic differentiation of the stem cells (in vitro and in vivo) for the first time. Alginate microspheres with sizes of about 2±0.1 mm were fabricated with 1 ×106 stem cell/ mL of alginate. Microspheres containing PDLSCs, GMSCs and hBMMSCs were further implanted subcutaneously and ectopic bone formation was analyzed by μCT and histological analysis at 8 weeks post-implantation. The encapsulated stem cells remained viable in vitro and both osteo-differentiated and adipo-differentiated after 4 weeks of culturing in the respective induction media. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction results confirmed that apatitic mineral was deposited by the stem cells. It was found that the degradation profile of alginate hydrogel strongly depends on the degree of oxidation demonstrating its tunable chemistry and degradation rate. In the animal study ectopic mineralization was observed inside and around the implanted microspheres containing the immobilized stem cells. These findings demonstrate for the first time that immobilization of PDLSCs and GMSCs in the alginate microspheres provides a promising strategy for bone tissue engineering.
Keyword	dental-derived stem cell; scaffold; bone tissue engineering
Language	English
Part of collection	University of Southern California dissertations and theses
Publisher (of the original version)	University of Southern California
Place of publication (of the original version)	Los Angeles, California
Publisher (of the digital version)	University of Southern California. Libraries
Provenance	Electronically uploaded by the author
Type	texts
Legacy record ID	usctheses-m
Contributing entity	University of Southern California
Rights	Moshaverinia, Alireza
Access conditions	The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the author, as the original true and official version of the work, but does not grant the reader permission to use the work if the desired use is covered by copyright. It is the author, as rights holder, who must provide use permission if such use is covered by copyright. The original signature page accompanying the original submission of the work to the USC Libraries is retained by the USC Libraries and a copy of it may be obtained by authorized requesters contacting the repository e-mail address given.
Repository name	University of Southern California Digital Library
Repository address	USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus MC 7002, 106 University Village, Los Angeles, California 90089-7002, USA
Repository email	cisadmin@usc.edu
Archival file	uscthesesreloadpub_Volume3/etd-Moshaverin-583.pdf

Description

Title	Page 1
Contributing entity	University of Southern California
Full text	! !! ! !!! ENCAPSULATED+PERIODONTAL+LIGAMENT+AND+GINGIVAL+MESENCHYMAL+STEM+ CELLS+IN+35D,+INJECTABLE,+AND+BIODEGRADABLE+SCAFFOLD:+ A+UNIQUE+PLATFORM+FOR+BONE+TISSUE+ENGINEERING+ + + +++++++ + + + ++++++++by+ ++ Alireza+Moshaverinia+ ++++ + +++ A+Dissertation+Presented+to+the+ FACULTY+OF+THE+USC+GRADUATE+SCHOOL+ UNIVERSITY+OF+SOUTHERN+CALIFORNIA+ In+Partial+Fulfillment+of+the+ Requirements+for+the+Degree+ DOCTOR+OF+PHILOSOPHY+ (CRANIO5FACIAL+BIOLOGY)+ ++ + May+2012+ +++ + Copyright+2012+ + + + + + Alireza+Moshaverinia+