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COOKING OIL, DIETARY FAT, FAT METABOLIZING GENES, AND PROSTATE CANCER RISK IN A MULTIETHNIC POPULATION
by
John Christopher LaVallee
A Thesis Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
MASTER OF SCIENCE
(BIOSTATISTICS)
December 2011
Copyright 2011 John Christopher LaVallee
Object Description
| Title | Cooking oil, dietary fat, fat metabolizing genes, and prostate cancer risk in a multiethnic population |
| Author | LaVallee, John Christopher |
| Author email | lavallee@usc.edu;chrislavallee@gmail.com |
| Degree | Master of Science |
| Document type | Thesis |
| Degree program | Biostatistics |
| School | Keck School of Medicine |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-11-01 |
| Date submitted | 2011-11-15 |
| Date approved | 2011-11-15 |
| Restricted until | 2011-11-15 |
| Date published | 2011-11-15 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Ingles, Sue A. |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Stern, Mariana C. Azen, Stanley P. |
| Abstract | Dietary fat has been implicated as a potential promotional factor leading to progression of small, latent, non-metastatic prostate tumors to invasive, metastatic lesions. One possible mechanism is conversion of the inflammatory compounds of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) produced by the lipoxygenase (LOX) family of enzymes. PUFAs are found in many cooking oils, such as soybean, safflower, and sunflower. Furthermore, foods such as avocado, nuts, cereals, and poultry are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The effect of cooking oil has not been extensively investigated, however, there is evidence of a relationship between dietary patterns and prostate cancer (Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, 2008). We had three objectives: to examine the effects of dietary fat intake, type of cooking oil used, and whether genetic variants in the PUFA LOX pathways are associated with the risk of prostate cancer. We conducted a population-based case control study of advanced prostate cancer among African-Americans and Caucasians in Los Angeles County. Dietary fat intake and preferred cooking oil were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. To assess genetic variants, five LOX gene polymorphisms were examined: 12-LOX Gln261Arg (rs434473), and Ser322Asn (rs1126667), 15-LOX-2 Gln656Arg (rs4792147), 5-LOX Lys254Glu (rs4073259), and the 5-LOX promoter Sp1 motif polymorphism. ❧ We observed a statistically significant association between preferred cooking oil and risk of prostate cancer at all stages. Men, regardless of race, who used vegetable or corn oil, but not hydrogenated fat, were 1.83 times as likely to experience prostate cancer than men who used olive or canola oil; those who used hydrogenated oils were 1.57 times as likely to experience prostate cancer. Similar results were observed among men with localized or advanced stage prostate cancer. ❧ When we evaluated the risks isolated to a particular stage of prostate cancer, we observed that men who use vegetable or corn oil, but not hydrogenated fat, were 1.72 times as likely to experience localized prostate cancer than men who used olive or canola oil, and those who used hydrogenated oils were 1.59 times as likely to experience localized prostate cancer. Furthermore, we observe that men who used vegetable or corn oil, but not hydrogenated fat, were 1.87 times as likely to experience advanced stage prostate cancer than men who used olive or canola oil, and those who used hydrogenated oils were 1.50 times as likely to experience advanced stage prostate cancer. ❧ Among Caucasians, men who used vegetable or corn oil, but not hydrogenated fat, were 2.08 times as likely to experience prostate cancer than men who used olive or canola oil, and those who used hydrogenated oils were 1.53 times as likely. Among African-Americans, there was an increased risk, but it was not as significant as among Caucasians. ❧ We did not observe a statistically significant relationship between PUFA and risk when not taking genotype into account. A statistically significant interaction was observed between 12-LOX Gln261Arg and PUFA (p=0.04). Among African-American men with the GG genotype, there was a decrease in risk of prostate cancer with PUFA intake below the median PUFA consumption. Caucasian men with the AA genotype displayed an increase in risk with diets high in PUFAs. Furthermore, we saw a statistically significant interaction between 12-LOX Ser322Asn and PUFA (p=0.02). Among African-American men with diets low in PUFAs, there was a decrease in risk. |
| Keyword | prostate cancer; nutrition; cooking oil; cooking fat; diet; dietary fat; PUFA; polyunsaturated fat; fat metabolizing genes; LOX; lipoxygenase |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m |
| Rights | LaVallee, John Christopher |
| Access conditions | The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the author, as the original true and official version of the work, but does not grant the reader permission to use the work if the desired use is covered by copyright. It is the author, as rights holder, who must provide use permission if such use is covered by copyright. The original signature page accompanying the original submission of the work to the USC Libraries is retained by the USC Libraries and a copy of it may be obtained by authorized requesters contacting the repository e-mail address given. |
| Repository name | University of Southern California Digital Library |
| Repository address | USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus MC 7002, 106 University Village, Los Angeles, California 90089-7002, USA |
| Repository email | cisadmin@usc.edu |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume71/etd-LaValleeJo-405.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 1 |
| Full text | COOKING OIL, DIETARY FAT, FAT METABOLIZING GENES, AND PROSTATE CANCER RISK IN A MULTIETHNIC POPULATION by John Christopher LaVallee A Thesis Presented to the FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE (BIOSTATISTICS) December 2011 Copyright 2011 John Christopher LaVallee |
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