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RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LATENT EXECUTIVE FUNCTION ABILITY AND
ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR THROUGHT DEVELOPMENT:
A COMMON PATHWAYS CROSS-LAGGED ANALYSIS
by
Marissa Ericson
A Dissertation Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
(PSYCHOLOGY)
December 2011
Copyright 2011 Marissa Ericson
Object Description
| Title | Relationships between latent executive function ability and antisocial behavior throughout development: a common pathways cross-lagged analysis |
| Author | Ericson, Marissa |
| Author email | marissae@usc.edu;mle9@cornell.edu |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Psychology |
| School | College of Letters, Arts And Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-08-18 |
| Date submitted | 2011-10-26 |
| Date approved | 2011-10-27 |
| Restricted until | 2011-10-27 |
| Date published | 2011-10-27 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Baker, Laura A. |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Dawson, Michael Monterosso, John Conti, David |
| Abstract | Behavioral inhibition and executive functions (EF) are two key aspects of self-regulation, and deficits in these regulatory processes serve as risk factors for the development of antisocial behavior (ASB). In spite of the well-established association between EF impairments and ASB, we do not yet know (1) the direction of the relationship itself, i.e., whether ASB may be result or cause of EF deficits during development, and (2) the extent to which the relationship is mediated by genetic and environmental factors. In addition, there is a significant dearth in the literature regarding the longitudinal stability of ASB and EF during development. Phenotypic and biometric multivariate models were used to investigate these questions in a longitudinal twin study (N=724 same and opposite-sex twin pairs) based on data from two occasions when the twins were aged 9-10 years (Time 1) and 14-16 years (Time 2). Initial multivariate genetic model fitting results indicated that a common latent factor could account for a significant portion of the variation in five broad indices of ASB representing aggression, delinquency, psychopathic personality traits, and conduct disorder symptoms. This latent ASB factor was influenced by additive genetic (Time 1: 62%; Time 2: 76%), common environmental (Time 1: 12%; Time 2: 7%), and unique environmental factors (Time 1: 26%; Time 2: 17%) during late childhood and middle adolescence. Similarly, a common EF factor captured a substantial amount of the variation in two well-validated tasks tapping cognitive flexibility, inhibition, and control; during both childhood and adolescence this latent factor was explained by additive genetic factors (Time 1: 53%; Time 2: 49%) and unique environmental influences (Time 1: 47%; Time 2: 51%) in approximately equal measure. Longitudinal analyses indicated that both ASB and EF are stable from 9-10 to 14-16 years, and that the continuity in these latent factors is largely explained by stable genetic effects (ASB: 74%; EF: 81%). Phenotypic correlations demonstrated significant positive associations between ASB and EF measures, both within time at Time 1 (r ranging from .10 to .29, p<.01), Time 2 (r ranging from .10 to .25, p<.01) and longitudinally (rEF1,ASB2 ranging from .14 to .23, p<.01 and rASB1,EF2 ranging from .13 to .26, p<.01). Together these significant longitudinal correlations suggest bi-direction. Phenotypic cross-lagged regression provided evidence for a bidirectional association between ASB and EF, such that EF at 9-10 years significantly predicted ASB at 14-16 years, while controlling for preexisting ASB at age 9-10. Perhaps more importantly, ASB at 9-10 years also predicted later EF at 14-16 while controlling for earlier EF at age 9-10. To the author’s knowledge, these results are the first to implicate childhood antisociality as a significant predictor of executive function performance, with a five to seven year lag between assessment occasions. The overall adjusted effect sizes for ASB (R2=.47) and EF (R2=.39) at 14-16 years indicated that a substantial portion of the Time 2 variances were accounted for by the two Time 1 predictors. Biometric cross-lagged analyses allowed for the further decomposition of the parameters (i.e., stability within each construct and cross-lagged effects) into genetic and environmental contributions. Results revealed five major findings: 1) the stability of both EF and ASB over time was primarily the result of stable genetic factors; 2) there appears to be a bidirectional relationship between EF and ASB over time, such that both EF and ASB at 9-10 independently predict the other five to seven years later. These cross-lagged effects for EF and ASB at 14-16 years (3% and 1%, respectively) were mediated by both genetic and unique environmental factors; 3) substantial covariance exists between EF and ASB at 9-10 years, as well as at 14-16 years; 4) new genetic and environmental factors appear to play a role at 14-16 years in both EF and ASB which are unrelated to earlier effects; and 5) although means and variances were greater for males than females for the majority of ASB measures, the genetic and environmental contributions to EF and ASB at 9-10 and 14-16 years stemmed from both quantitatively and qualitatively similar sources in boys and girls. Taken together, results from these analyses underscore the potential of behavior genetic approaches to identify the sources of individual differences in executive processes and antisocial behavior, and suggest that a variety of child and adolescent problem behaviors, personality characteristics, and cognitive processes share a common underlying genetic risk. Findings from the current study highlight the predictive utility of these early indices in identifying important pathways to disinhibitory psychopathology and cognition. |
| Keyword | genetics; antisocial behavior; executive functions |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m |
| Rights | Ericson, Marissa |
| Access conditions | The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the author, as the original true and official version of the work, but does not grant the reader permission to use the work if the desired use is covered by copyright. It is the author, as rights holder, who must provide use permission if such use is covered by copyright. The original signature page accompanying the original submission of the work to the USC Libraries is retained by the USC Libraries and a copy of it may be obtained by authorized requesters contacting the repository e-mail address given. |
| Repository name | University of Southern California Digital Library |
| Repository address | USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus MC 7002, 106 University Village, Los Angeles, California 90089-7002, USA |
| Repository email | cisadmin@usc.edu |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume71/etd-EricsonMar-363.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 1 |
| Full text | RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LATENT EXECUTIVE FUNCTION ABILITY AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR THROUGHT DEVELOPMENT: A COMMON PATHWAYS CROSS-LAGGED ANALYSIS by Marissa Ericson A Dissertation Presented to the FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PSYCHOLOGY) December 2011 Copyright 2011 Marissa Ericson |
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