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BENTHIC MARINE ECOLOGICAL SHIFTS AND CARBONATE DIAGENETIC
EFFECTS SURROUNDING THE END-PERMIAN AND END-TRIASSIC MASS
EXTINCTIONS
by
Sarah Elizabeth Greene
_____________________________________________________________________
A Dissertation Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
(GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
December 2011
Copyright 2011 Sarah Elizabeth Greene
Object Description
| Title | Benthic marine ecological shifts and carbonate diagenetic effects surrounding the end-Permian and end-Triassic mass extinctions |
| Author | Greene, Sarah Elizabeth |
| Author email | sgreene@usc.edu;greene.sarah@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Geological Sciences |
| School | College of Letters, Arts And Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-08-22 |
| Date submitted | 2011-09-24 |
| Date approved | 2011-09-26 |
| Restricted until | 2011-09-26 |
| Date published | 2011-09-26 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Bottjer, David J. |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Corsetti, Frank A. Berelson, William M. Caron, David A. |
| Abstract | The Early-Mid Mesozoic was a time of broad ecological and geochemical change punctuated by two major biotic and environmental crises - the end-Permian and end-Triassic mass extinctions. In the wake of the end-Permian mass extinction, the Modern Fauna emerged as the dominant taxonomic group. Herein, bioclastic accumulations are used to track ecological dominance across the Early Mesozoic, particularly in the Middle Triassic aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction interval. Additionally, a literature search is used to trace the waning ecological importance of the crinoids, constituents of the Paleozoic Fauna, through the Mesozoic. Despite diminished diversity, the Paleozoic Fauna regained ecological dominance in the post-extinction world. After a Middle Triassic comeback, the crinoids persisted as ecological dominants through the Jurassic before their ecological twilight in the earliest Cretaceous. The timing of these patterns does not fit the suggestion of an ecological upheaval caused by the end-Permian mass extinction, but rather points to other potential factors such as the Mesozoic Marine Revolution. ❧ The Triassic-Jurassic (T-J) boundary saw the rapid emplacement of a large igneous province resulting in a major carbon cycle perturbation, perhaps even inducing ocean acidification. The T-J boundary interval is used as a case study to explore how to identify ocean acidification in deep time. Thus far, the T-J boundary record is consistent with an acidification scenario. Fieldwork at multiple, geographically disparate boundary intervals shows an abundance of early diagenetic carbonate. In particular, unusual layers of aragonite fans which grew just below the sediment-water interface are identified globally. Abundant early diagenetic carbonate suggests that the sub-seafloor may have been a locus of carbonate precipitation across the T-J boundary interval and that the early diagenetic realm is a carbonate sink of unknown size and variability. |
| Keyword | end-Triassic mass extinction; end-Permian mass extinction; ocean acidification; carbonate diagenesis; Mesozoic marine revolution |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m |
| Rights | Greene, Sarah Elizabeth |
| Access conditions | The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the author, as the original true and official version of the work, but does not grant the reader permission to use the work if the desired use is covered by copyright. It is the author, as rights holder, who must provide use permission if such use is covered by copyright. The original signature page accompanying the original submission of the work to the USC Libraries is retained by the USC Libraries and a copy of it may be obtained by authorized requesters contacting the repository e-mail address given. |
| Repository name | University of Southern California Digital Library |
| Repository address | USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus MC 7002, 106 University Village, Los Angeles, California 90089-7002, USA |
| Repository email | cisadmin@usc.edu |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume71/etd-GreeneSara-295.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 1 |
| Full text | BENTHIC MARINE ECOLOGICAL SHIFTS AND CARBONATE DIAGENETIC EFFECTS SURROUNDING THE END-PERMIAN AND END-TRIASSIC MASS EXTINCTIONS by Sarah Elizabeth Greene _____________________________________________________________________ A Dissertation Presented to the FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES) December 2011 Copyright 2011 Sarah Elizabeth Greene |
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