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PERSIAN PARADISE GARDENS:
HISTORY, ELEMENTS, INFLUENCES
by
Arash Kalantari
_______________________________________________
A Thesis Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE USC SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
MASTER OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION
August 2011
Copyright 2011 Arash Kalantari
Object Description
| Title | Persian paradise gardens: history, elements, influences |
| Author | Kalantari, Arash |
| Author email | akalanta@usc.edu;arashkalantari@gmail.com |
| Degree | Master of Historic Preservation |
| Document type | Thesis |
| Degree program | Historic Preservation |
| School | School of Architecture |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-08-08 |
| Date submitted | 2011-08-08 |
| Date approved | 2011-08-09 |
| Restricted until | 2011-08-09 |
| Date published | 2011-08-09 |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Campbell, Regula Campbell, Doug Breisch, Kenneth |
| Abstract | Mankind's advance has depended on pivotal discoveries: fire, the wheel, movable type. When it was gleaned that water could not only be contained but compelled to move, man stopped wandering to forage and began to cultivate. In Central Asia, specifically Persia, tribes deciding to say awhile set up camp on the great, barren Persian plateau and used fences to stop blowing winds and biting sands. Making water available where it didn't naturally occur gave man a power he had lacked. He began to control his environment. The celebration of this transition led to the year-round garden. Persians developed the form by starting with a quadrangle and introducing water through openings on each side. By intersecting the water channels at right angles, four sections of gardens could be flooded, or irrigated, and allow constant crop production. What are generally accepted as the oldest remains of a garden of this design are located on the Iranian plateau and date to the second millennium B.C. As man developed his environment, he similarly developed his thinking about his place in the universe. Hence, four approaches to deliver water to the garden reflect ancient mythology holding four rivers of creation. A terrestrial garden was first the celestial garden that pleased the gods then a paradise garden that bore the promise of reward after death by one god. Pools of standing water reflected the sky; trees reached for the sky; flowers bloomed in a constant reminder of the mystery and magic of life. ❧ More than output from fruit trees or blossoms of flowers, the garden became a spot for architecture to provide a nice place to observe the contrived arrangement of nature. Small buildings, pavilions or open-fronted kiosks were placed at pivotal points. The entire scheme was surrounded by a wall, one that might contain elaborately designed gates or watchtowers. Water could stand or move, its stillness providing a sense of quiet to encourage meditation, its movement offering pleasing sounds that could rouse convivial cheer at social events or keep conversation from being overheard by other garden visitors. A slightly sloping site kept the elements in play. The design lent itself to modest or lavish creations and served as model to palace designs from the Iberian Peninsula across northern Africa and east to the mountains of India. Europeans would embrace the garden culture by the 19th century. Beyond garden influence, the geometric layout influenced urban planning throughout Asia, Europe and North America. |
| Keyword | Persian paradise garden; history; chahar-bagh; four-fold pattern; landscape conservation; irrigation; qanat; symbolic use; water channels; native plants; central pavillion. |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m |
| Rights | Kalantari, Arash |
| Access conditions | The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the author, as the original true and official version of the work, but does not grant the reader permission to use the work if the desired use is covered by copyright. It is the author, as rights holder, who must provide use permission if such use is covered by copyright. The original signature page accompanying the original submission of the work to the USC Libraries is retained by the USC Libraries and a copy of it may be obtained by authorized requesters contacting the repository e-mail address given. |
| Repository name | University of Southern California Digital Library |
| Repository address | USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus MC 7002, 106 University Village, Los Angeles, California 90089-7002, USA |
| Repository email | cisadmin@usc.edu |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume71/etd-KalantariA-259.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 1 |
| Full text | PERSIAN PARADISE GARDENS: HISTORY, ELEMENTS, INFLUENCES by Arash Kalantari _______________________________________________ A Thesis Presented to the FACULTY OF THE USC SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION August 2011 Copyright 2011 Arash Kalantari |
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