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BUDGETING THE SHALLOW SLIP DEFICIT:
IMPLICATIONS FOR GEOLOGIC SLIP RATE STUDIES
by
Benjamin Daniel Haravitch
A Thesis Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
MASTER OF SCIENCE
(GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
August 2011
Copyright 2011 Benjamin Daniel Haravitch
Object Description
| Title | Budgeting the shallow slip deficit: implications for geologic slip rate studies |
| Author | Haravitch, Benjamin Daniel |
| Author email | ben.haravitch@gmail.com;haravitc@usc.edu |
| Degree | Master of Science |
| Document type | Thesis |
| Degree program | Geological Sciences |
| School | College of Letters, Arts And Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-05-13 |
| Date submitted | 2011-07-27 |
| Date approved | 2011-07-27 |
| Restricted until | 2011-07-27 |
| Date published | 2011-07-27 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Dolan, James |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Davis, Gregory Sammis, Charles |
| Abstract | Comparison of seismogenic slip from 3 – 6 km depth modeled by the inversion of geodetic data with surface displacements measured by geologists for large (Mw > 7) strike-slip earthquakes indicates that the degree to which surface slip is in deficit to slip at depth is a function of physical characteristics inherent to fault zones. Specifically, the structural maturity of a fault, as measured by its cumulative displacement, is the primary control on how much total seismogenic slip manifests itself within a narrow zone of surface rupture. I find that there is a bi-modal distribution of Surface Slip Manifestation (SSM) values, which I define as the proportion of slip at depth that extends to the surface in a narrow-width fault zone, for the six large, strike-slip earthquakes I studied. Structurally immature faults (< ~40 km of cumulative displacement) produce SSM values that range from 0.4 to 0.6, whereas structurally mature faults (> ~85 km of cumulative displacement) have SSM values from 0.78 to 0.9. In addition to quantifying the surface slip deficit in relation to the structural maturity of the faults, I also investigate how this deficit changes spatially along individual faults. I calculate Local SSM (LSSM) values that describe the proportion of slip at depth to surface slip at each surface slip measurement site. On average, LSSM values calculated from sites located along sections of a fault where the fault trace is continuous and straight are 38% higher than those from sites located along sections where the fault trace is either discontinuous or is multi-stranded. These results have basic implications for our understanding of fault zone evolution as well as the interpretation of geologic slip rate data. The clear correlation of relatively low SSM values with structurally immature faults and of high SSM values with structurally mature faults supports the position, at least at the surface, that shear strain localizes to a narrower fault zone and less deformation is distributed away from the fault plane with progressive fault offset. In terms of geologic slip rates, these results indicate that those determined using narrow-aperture (within a few meters of the main fault trace) piercing point offsets may be severe underestimates of total fault slip rate accounting for only a minimal amount of surface deformation. This is especially true for structurally complex sections of all faults, and structurally immature faults in general; although some structurally simple parts of young, immature faults do manifest a high proportion of slip at the surface. Additionally, the near-surface lithologic material appears to be an important control of LSSM, in that offsets measured in areas where a fault ruptures bedrock generally exhibit a greater proportion of slip at depth than do offsets measured in alluvium. This work argues for scrupulously justifying the locations of slip-rate sites and serves as a quantitative method of doing so for future paleoseismological studies. |
| Keyword | earthquake; paleoseismology; seismology; geology; slip rate; fault; inversion |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m |
| Rights | Haravitch, Benjamin Daniel |
| Access conditions | The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the author, as the original true and official version of the work, but does not grant the reader permission to use the work if the desired use is covered by copyright. It is the author, as rights holder, who must provide use permission if such use is covered by copyright. The original signature page accompanying the original submission of the work to the USC Libraries is retained by the USC Libraries and a copy of it may be obtained by authorized requesters contacting the repository e-mail address given. |
| Repository name | University of Southern California Digital Library |
| Repository address | USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus MC 7002, 106 University Village, Los Angeles, California 90089-7002, USA |
| Repository email | cisadmin@usc.edu |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume71/etd-HaravitchB-184.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 1 |
| Full text | BUDGETING THE SHALLOW SLIP DEFICIT: IMPLICATIONS FOR GEOLOGIC SLIP RATE STUDIES by Benjamin Daniel Haravitch A Thesis Presented to the FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE (GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES) August 2011 Copyright 2011 Benjamin Daniel Haravitch |
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