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USING ELECTRONIC TAGGING DATA TO ESTIMATE MOVEMENT, IDENTIFY
HABITAT, AND CHARACTERIZE BEHAVIOR OF MARINE PELAGIC
PREDATORS
by
Chi Hin Lam
A Dissertation Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
(BIOLOGY)
August 2011
Copyright 2011 Chi Hin Lam
Object Description
| Title | Using electronic tagging data to estimate movement, identify habitat, and characterize behavior of marine pelagic predators |
| Author | Lam, Chi Hin |
| Author email | chihinl@usc.edu;dolphintim@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Biology |
| School | College of Letters, Arts And Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-05-09 |
| Date submitted | 2011-07-14 |
| Date approved | 2011-07-15 |
| Restricted until | 2011-07-15 |
| Date published | 2011-07-15 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Kiefer, Dale A. |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Jones, Burt Hedgecock, Dennis Curtis, Andrew |
| Abstract | Electronic tagging has fundamentally changed our understanding of the lives of marine animals from tunas, turtles to squids in the past decade. For the very first time, we are able to collect detailed data from the animals as they conduct their lives in the ocean for months to, sometimes, years. An electronic tag is like a paparazzi’s camera, and our star celebrity is the animal. Unlike the vastly popular reality TV shows, lives of these animals are unscripted and challenge us to decipher the underlying mechanisms and motivations for doing what they do. In this thesis, I take a life history approach to present the aspects of lives from two species, great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) and striped marlin (Kajikia audax) that we have learnt through electronic tagging. Akin to our actions as human in planning out our lifetime goals (e.g. get a Ph.D., build a career/ family) and daily plans (e.g. prepare a dinner menu), a pelagic animal’s life in the ocean has both aspects intertwined, but rarely revealed themselves to us scientists. A better understanding of this interplay will allow us to appreciate biology, and ultimately to provide potential solutions for management and conservation. ❧ Highlights of this thesis are outlined as follows: ❧ 1. Satellite sea-surface temperature products are effective in improving geoposition estimates of tracks derived from satellite tags. Low-resolution products (> 1º in longitude and latitude) offer an optimal solution, balancing the trade-offs between the amount of details and computational performance. ❧ 2. White sharks were shown to perform frequent, continuous oscillatory dives between the surface and 400 meters throughout day and night in the offshore eastern Pacific Ocean (around 130-140 ºW and 25-30 ºN). Their bottom activities appeared to be confined by the concentration of dissolved oxygen at < 2 ml/L. ❧ 3. When white sharks aggregated around Guadalupe Island, vertical movement of the sharks shows marked changes in depth and temperature distribution seasonally. Such seasonal changes corresponded to changes in the foraging dynamics around the island and in particular, related to the life history traits of seal populations that share the island habitat. ❧ 4. Striped marlin throughout the Pacific is an epipelagic species, spending at least 50% of time at the surface between 0-10 m. Despite this majority of time spent near the surface, striped marlin exhibited a variety of diving patterns, utilizing mid-water boundary conditions created by the mixed layer and the oxycline. Our results showed partitioning of maximum depths between western and eastern Pacific Ocean in accordance to dissolved oxygen levels, where the Eastern Pacific Ocean has a permanent oxygen minimum zone. Within a particular region, the swimming depths are likely to be limited by the interplay of oceanographic, biological and physiological conditions. ❧ 5. An individual-based limiting factor diving model is developed to relate the vertical movements recorded by a tag to potential biological functions, predator-prey interactions and water column features. Dynamics of vertical migration of prey (zooplankton) and predator (fish) are modeled as a function of efficiency of fish hunting by sight and provided predictions for observed data, such as peak predation activities by fish during sunrise and sunset. Enhanced diving by striped marlin during twilight, suggestive of hunting activities, were observed across various regions of the Pacific Ocean and support the model predictions. Using this model, I constructed a nested framework with key interacting layers in the water column, which can be used to understand striped marlin swimming patterns in the appropriate biological and environmental context. |
| Keyword | electronic tag; biologging; data logger; great white shark; striped marlin; tagbase; archival tags; popup satellite archival tags; geolocation; satellite sea-surface temperature; Kalman filter; trackit; ukfsst; pelagic fish |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m |
| Rights | Lam, Chi Hin |
| Access conditions | The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the author, as the original true and official version of the work, but does not grant the reader permission to use the work if the desired use is covered by copyright. It is the author, as rights holder, who must provide use permission if such use is covered by copyright. The original signature page accompanying the original submission of the work to the USC Libraries is retained by the USC Libraries and a copy of it may be obtained by authorized requesters contacting the repository e-mail address given. |
| Repository name | University of Southern California Digital Library |
| Repository address | USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus MC 7002, 106 University Village, Los Angeles, California 90089-7002, USA |
| Repository email | cisadmin@usc.edu |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume71/etd-LamChiHin-94.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 1 |
| Full text | USING ELECTRONIC TAGGING DATA TO ESTIMATE MOVEMENT, IDENTIFY HABITAT, AND CHARACTERIZE BEHAVIOR OF MARINE PELAGIC PREDATORS by Chi Hin Lam A Dissertation Presented to the FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (BIOLOGY) August 2011 Copyright 2011 Chi Hin Lam |
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